{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:08:32Z","timestamp":1784592512160,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRJ-1084\/LPDP.3\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ-1084\/LPDP.3\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Introduction<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : Xpert MTB\/RIF is a rapid diagnostic instrument for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, studies reported varied accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF in detecting\n                    <ns3:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    in pericardial effusion.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : We performed a systematic review of literature in PubMed, published up to February 1, 2020, according to PRISMA guidelines. We screened cross-sectional studies, observational cohort studies, and randomized control trials that evaluated the accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF in diagnosing TB pericarditis. Papers with noninterpretable results of sensitivity and specificity, non-English articles, and unpublished studies were excluded. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB\/RIF. We conducted a quality assessment using QUADAS-2 to evaluate the quality of the studies. A bivariate model pooled the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLRs), and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) of included studies.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : In total, 581 subjects from nine studies were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Our pooled analysis showed that the overall sensitivity, specificity, PLRs and NLRs of included studies were 0.676 (95% CI: 0.580\u20130.759), 0.994 (95% CI: 0.919\u20131.000), 110.11 (95% CI: 7.65\u20131584.57) and 0.326 (95% CI: 0.246\u20130.433), respectively.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : Xpert MTB\/RIF had a robust specificity but unsatisfactory sensitivity in diagnosing TB pericarditis. These findings indicated that although positive Xpert MTB\/RIF test results might be valuable in swiftly distinguishing the diagnosis of TB pericarditis, negative test results might not be able to rule out TB pericarditis.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Registration<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : PROSPERO\n                    <ns3:ext-link xmlns:ns4=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" ns4:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=167480\">CRD42020167480<\/ns3:ext-link>\n                    28\/04\/2020\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22770.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T09:35:06Z","timestamp":1595410506000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diagnostic test accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF for tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7834-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrianto","family":"Andrianto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni Made","family":"Mertaniasih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parama","family":"Gandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makhyan Jibril","family":"Al-Farabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7841-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Jonatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stevanus Immanuel","family":"Silahooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393-9","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268804003577","article-title":"Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa.","volume":"133","author":"H Reuter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect."},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"36-40","article-title":"Mortality in patients treated for tuberculous pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"98","author":"B Mayosi","year":"2008","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854-60","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.12.107","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of interferon-gamma in pericardial effusions for tuberculous pericarditis: a meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"C Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921-64","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv318","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed By: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).","volume":"36","author":"Y Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012768","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012768.pub2","article-title":"Xpert \u00ae MTB\/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance.","volume":"8","author":"M Kohli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176186","article-title":"Diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis is greatly improved by Xpert MTB\/RIF.","volume":"12","author":"G Lombardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435-46","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00007814","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"44","author":"C Denkinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699-705","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.7.17694","article-title":"GeneXpert technology. A breakthrough for the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis and pleuritis in less than 2 hours.","volume":"38","author":"M Saeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Med J."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55112-y","article-title":"Low diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A multicenter surveillance.","volume":"9","author":"M Allahyartorkaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909-913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2018.02.011","article-title":"Comparison of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF assay and LED-FM microscopy for the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","volume":"49","author":"A Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513-5","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06467-11","article-title":"Effectiveness of an Integrated Real-Time PCR 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performance (Xpert MTB\/RIF), including bacterial load and inhibition, for TB diagnosis using specimens from different body compartments.","volume":"4","author":"G Theron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412-418","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000449","article-title":"Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis and sputum smear-negative pulmonary suspects using Xpert MTB\/RIF.","volume":"66","author":"I Ullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188704","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188704","article-title":"Comparison between the diagnostic validities of Xpert MTB\/RIF and interferon-\u03b3 release assays for tuberculous pericarditis using pericardial tissue","volume":"12","author":"G Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4138-41","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05434-11","article-title":"Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB\/RIF Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Detection of Rifampin Resistance in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Specimens.","volume":"49","author":"A Zeka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.02.012","article-title":"Rapid and effective diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance with Xpert MTB\/RIF assay: A meta-analysis.","volume":"64","author":"K Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180725","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180725","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF for tuberculosis detection in different regions with different endemic burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"S 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Farabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T05:40:12Z","timestamp":1607406012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.22770.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67749","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67746","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67746","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67749","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67749, Pieter A.F.M. Doevendans, Divisio n of Hear t and Lun gs, Department of Cardiology, Uni versit y Medical Center Utrecht, Nether lands Heart Institute, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06 Aug 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1#referee-response-67749","order":0,"name":"referee-response-67749","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.25141.r67746, Mohammad Saifur Rohman, Departement of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, 10 Aug 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-761\/v1#referee-response-67746","order":1,"name":"referee-response-67746","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan) [PRJ-1084\/LPDP.3\/2017; for S.I.S]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}