{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T13:51:30Z","timestamp":1770645090455,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23156.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23156.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23156.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000}}],"reference-count":24,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>Determination of stunting and wasting always uses the WHO growth standard in Indonesia. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are \u201cbelow\u201d the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight using WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference.<\/ns3:p><ns3:p><ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length\/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO standard and national Indonesian reference. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.<\/ns3:p><ns3:p><ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO standard than the national reference (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p &lt; 0.001). After adjusted for confounding factors, when the WHO standard was used, determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm; determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities. When the national reference was used, no determinants was found for stunting; the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education.<\/ns3:p><ns3:p><ns3:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns3:bold>The WHO standard is not suitable for representing child growth in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the national Indonesian reference.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23156.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T16:40:14Z","timestamp":1615826414000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7613-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannie","family":"Flynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firas Farisi","family":"Alkaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Putera","family":"Sukmajaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sovia","family":"Salamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427-51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in 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contribution of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction to childhood undernutrition in Tanzania.","volume":"11","author":"A Sania","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.26741.r63965, Michael Hermanussen, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 04 Jun 2020, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-324\/v2#referee-response-63965","order":0,"name":"referee-response-63965","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Firas Farisi Alkaff<\/b>; <i>Posted: 14 Jun 2020<\/i>; Dear reviewer, Thank you for the comments and suggestions for our manuscript. 1. It is not clear according to what criteria the authors rejected 190 children reducing the total number analyzed from formerly 408 to 218 children. The authors may add this information. <b>Response: <\/b>We have added the information why we rejected 190 children for the determinants analysis. &nbsp; 2.&nbsp;The authors write: \u201cThe WHO standard was developed using data from five cities in five different countries: United States, Turkey, Norway, Brazil, and India\u201d. This is not quite true. <b>Response: <\/b>We have checked and revised our manuscript according to the given reference.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-324\/v4#referee-comment-5614","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-5614","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.26741.r63966, Aroonsri Mongkolchati, ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 08 Jun 2020, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-324\/v2#referee-response-63966","order":2,"name":"referee-response-63966","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}