{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1792659652508,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic affecting health and wellbeing globally. In addition to the physical health, economic, and social implications, the psychological impacts of this pandemic are increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. This narrative review reflected on scholarly articles on the epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19. The current literature suggests that people affected by COVID-19 may have a high burden of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety disorders, stress, panic attack, irrational anger, impulsivity, somatization disorder, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal behavior. Moreover, several factors associated with mental health problems in COVID-19 are found, which include age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, place of living, close contact with people with COVID-19, comorbid physical and mental health problems, exposure to COVID-19 related news and social media, coping styles, stigma, psychosocial support, health communication, confidence in health services, personal protective measures, risk of contracting COVID-19, and perceived likelihood of survival. Furthermore, the epidemiological distribution of mental health problems and associated factors were heterogeneous among the general public, COVID-19 patients, and healthcare providers. The current evidence suggests that a psychiatric epidemic is cooccurring with the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates the attention of the global health community. Future epidemiological studies should emphasize on psychopathological variations and temporality of mental health problems in different populations. Nonetheless, multipronged interventions should be developed and adopted to address the existing psychosocial challenges and promote mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24457.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T10:55:08Z","timestamp":1592909708000},"page":"636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":867,"title":["Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7059-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Mahbub","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abida","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Faizah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoimonty","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Lisako J.","family":"McKyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helal Uddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848-50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30551-1","article-title":"Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic?","volume":"395","author":"H Legido-Quigley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-7","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1760915","article-title":"COVID-19 reveals weak health systems by design: Why we must re-make global health in this historic moment.","author":"S Shamasunder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Public Health."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017","article-title":"Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic.","author":"B Pfefferbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185-193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review.","volume":"78","author":"M Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Surg."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547-560","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1","article-title":"Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science.","volume":"7","author":"E Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977-86","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1558-2","article-title":"The impact of economic recessions on depression and individual and social well-being: the case of Spain (2006-2013).","volume":"53","author":"C Chaves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339-45","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy127","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Depression, and Alcohol Consumption During Joblessness and During Recessions Among Young Adults in CARDIA.","volume":"187","author":"J Granados","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716-22","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.210","article-title":"Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"213","author":"B Beaglehole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3561265","article-title":"Mental Health Outcomes of Quarantine and Isolation for Infection Prevention: A Systematic Umbrella Review of the Global Evidence.","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912-20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence.","volume":"395","author":"S Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01541-4","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19.","author":"S Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.038","article-title":"Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: a mixed-method study.","author":"Q Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102051","article-title":"COVID-19 in People with Mental Illness: Challenges and Vulnerabilities.","volume":"51","author":"A Kavoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis.","volume":"55","author":"W Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112922","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among people with autism spectrum disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","volume":"287","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102041","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","volume":"51","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/k2jgf","article-title":"COVID-19 and suicide of an army soldier in India: perspectives on psychosocial epidemiology of suicidal behavior.","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"SocArXiv."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","article-title":"Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections\u202f: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic.","author":"J Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-21","article-title":"Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study.","author":"G Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/4hxga","article-title":"Burnout Among Healthcare Providers During COVID-19 Pandemic\u202f: Challenges and Evidence-based Interventions.","author":"A Sultana","year":"2020","journal-title":"SocArXiv Pap."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"S Pappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8110098","article-title":"Factors related to physician burnout and its consequences: A review.","volume":"8","author":"R Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.024","article-title":"Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","author":"H Ehrlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100-101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.002","article-title":"Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.","volume":"105","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.148","article-title":"COVID-19: Protecting Healthcare Workers is a priority.","volume":"1","author":"F Chirico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.028","article-title":"Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study.","author":"L Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.","volume":"288","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241-247","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872620922795","article-title":"Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"9","author":"M Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Hear J Acute Cardiovasc Care."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.101989","article-title":"Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India\u202f!","volume":"49","author":"K Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102073","article-title":"First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies.","volume":"51","author":"M Mamun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.028","article-title":"COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? \u2013 The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country.","author":"M Mamun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China.","volume":"17","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e924609","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924609","article-title":"Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China.","volume":"26","author":"L Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09744-3","article-title":"The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health.","author":"L Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.009","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students.","volume":"274","author":"W Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062032","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users.","volume":"17","author":"S Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19009","DOI":"10.2196\/19009","article-title":"Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey.","volume":"7","author":"M Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Heal."},{"key":"ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028","article-title":"A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020927051","article-title":"Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender.","author":"S \u00d6zdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102083","article-title":"Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"51","author":"D Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/ekam3","article-title":"Suicide of a farmer amid COVID-19 in India: Perspectives on social determinants of suicidal behavior and prevention strategies.","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"SocArXiv."},{"key":"ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.069","article-title":"Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry.","author":"F Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-2","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000999","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China.","author":"H Bo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.055","article-title":"Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce.","author":"W Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.049","article-title":"A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak.","author":"N Chew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112936","article-title":"Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"288","author":"W Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-3","DOI":"10.1159\/000507453","article-title":"A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak.","author":"J Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom."},{"key":"ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-00254-8","article-title":"Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"7","author":"Y Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med Res."},{"key":"ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113005","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China.","volume":"288","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e924085","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.924085","article-title":"Analysis of Psychological and Sleep Status and Exercise Rehabilitation of Front-Line Clinical Staff in the Fight Against COVID-19 in China.","volume":"26","author":"K Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit Basic Res."},{"key":"ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008","article-title":"A Comparison of Burnout Frequency Among Oncology Physicians and Nurses Working on the Frontline and Usual Wards During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China.","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage."},{"key":"ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00386","article-title":"Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu.","volume":"11","author":"J Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.008","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of insomnia in volunteer and at home medical staff during the COVID-19.","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1746817","article-title":"Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China.","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203-8","DOI":"10.3785\/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.02","article-title":"[Clinical analysis of suspected COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression].","volume":"49","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban."},{"key":"ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M20-1212","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1212","article-title":"Collision of the COVID-19 and Addiction Epidemics.","author":"N Volkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113105","article-title":"COVID-19 suicidal behavior among couples and suicide pacts: Case study evidence from press reports.","volume":"289","author":"M Griffiths","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00306","article-title":"Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak.","volume":"11","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072381","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161-90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x","article-title":"Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health.","volume":"72","author":"M Tugade","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers."},{"key":"ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32-6","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp08X263794","article-title":"Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care.","volume":"58","author":"I Cameron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract."},{"key":"ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257-258","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2020.1746723","article-title":"Geriatric Care during Public Health Emergencies: Lessons Learned from Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.","volume":"63","author":"H Mazumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work."},{"key":"ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/x2b8w","article-title":"Geriatric health in Bangladesh during COVID-19: challenges and recommendations.","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"SocArXiv."},{"key":"ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23690.1","article-title":"Current status of global research on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping.","volume":"9","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30077-8","article-title":"Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.","volume":"7","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102015","article-title":"Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic.","volume":"50","author":"H Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448-57","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1535","article-title":"Bridging the digital divide: Reaching vulnerable populations.","volume":"11","author":"B Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc."},{"key":"ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571-92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2007.05.007","article-title":"Integrating Mental Health and Primary Care.","volume":"34","author":"S Thielke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prim Care."},{"key":"ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1017-0","article-title":"Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity.","volume":"21","author":"E Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171-174","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.20.094","article-title":"Impact of rumors or misinformation on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in social media.","volume":"53","author":"S Tasnim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Heal."},{"key":"ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.3708","article-title":"Assessing the Evidence for e-Resources for Mental Health Self-Management: A Systematic Literature Review.","volume":"1","author":"E Karasouli","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Heal."},{"key":"ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357-69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","article-title":"Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews.","volume":"5","author":"C Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116-22","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.038281","article-title":"Bonding versus bridging social capital and their associations with self rated health: A multilevel analysis of 40 US communities.","volume":"60","author":"D Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/q8e5u","article-title":"Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T09:45:09Z","timestamp":1602236709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.24457.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r71938","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r69817","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r71938","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r69817","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/q8e5u","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r71938, Madison W Silverstein, Sarah Alonzi, Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA, 07 Oct 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1#referee-response-71938","order":0,"name":"referee-response-71938","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.26979.r69817, Reindolf Anokye, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia, 09 Oct 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-636\/v1#referee-response-69817","order":1,"name":"referee-response-69817","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}