{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:09:34Z","timestamp":1792202974660,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening diseases characterized by detachment of the epidermis and mucous membrane. SJS\/TEN are considered to be on the same spectrum of diseases with different severities. They are classified by the percentage of skin detachment area. SJS\/TEN can also cause several complications in the liver, kidneys, and respiratory tract. The pathogenesis of SJS\/TEN is still unclear. Although it is difficult to diagnose early stage SJS\/TEN, biomarkers for diagnosis or severity prediction have not been well established. Furthermore, optimal therapeutic options for SJS\/TEN are still controversial.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Several drugs, such as carbamazepine and allopurinol, are reported to have a strong relationship with a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. This relationship differs between different ethnicities. Recently, the usefulness of HLA screening before administering specific drugs to decrease the incidence of SJS\/TEN has been investigated.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Skin detachment in SJS\/TEN skin lesions is caused by extensive epidermal cell death, which has been considered to be apoptosis via the Fas-FasL pathway or perforin\/granzyme pathway. We reported that necroptosis, i.e. programmed necrosis, also contributes to epidermal cell death. Annexin A1, released from monocytes, and its interaction with the formyl peptide receptor 1 induce necroptosis. Several diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for SJS\/TEN have been reported, such as CCL-27, IL-15, galectin-7, and RIP3.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Supportive care is recommended for the treatment of SJS\/TEN. However, optimal therapeutic options such as systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, and TNF-\u03b1 antagonists are still controversial. Recently, the beneficial effects of cyclosporine and TNF-\u03b1 antagonists have been explored. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the pathophysiology and management of SJS\/TEN.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24748.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T03:40:06Z","timestamp":1592278806000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Recent advances in managing and understanding Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7606-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akito","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riichiro","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147-76","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8654-z","article-title":"Current Perspectives on Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"54","author":"M Lerch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92-6","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical Classification of Cases of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Erythema Multiforme.","volume":"129","author":"S Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387-97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.03.023","article-title":"Morbidity and Mortality of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in United States Adults.","volume":"136","author":"D Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118441213","article-title":"Rook\u2019s Textbook of Dermatology","author":"C Griffiths","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160-5","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660330071012","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Clinical findings and prognosis factors in 87 patients.","volume":"123","author":"J Revuz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149-53","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00061.x","article-title":"SCORTEN: A severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"115","author":"S Bastuji-Garin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35-44","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701033","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Assessment of Medication Risks with Emphasis on Recently Marketed Drugs. The EuroSCAR-Study.","volume":"128","author":"M Mockenhaupt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: A marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"428","author":"W Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297-306","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000199500.46842.4a","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions.","volume":"16","author":"S Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015-8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01022.x","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*1502 Allele and Antiepileptic Drug-Induced Cutaneous Reactions in Han Chinese.","volume":"48","author":"C Man","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087-91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01719.x","article-title":"Carbamazepine and phenytoin induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with HLA-B*1502 allele in Thai population.","volume":"49","author":"C Locharernkul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579-82","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.57718","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome among Indians.","volume":"75","author":"T Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225-9","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12970","article-title":"A study of HLA-B*15: 02 in 9 different Chinese ethnics: Implications for carbamazepine related SJS\/TEN.","volume":"89","author":"G Ou","year":"2017","journal-title":"HLA."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275-8","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000287","article-title":"HLA-A*31: 01 and HLA-B*15: 02 association with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis to carbamazepine in a multiethnic Malaysian population.","volume":"27","author":"A Khor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1009-4","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-B*1502 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in mainland Han Chinese patients.","volume":"67","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.08.007","article-title":"Association between carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions and the HLA-B*1502 allele among patients in central China.","volume":"19","author":"X Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.02.003","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Han people of southern China mainland.","volume":"20","author":"Q Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926-30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02533.x","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*1502 and carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a Thai population.","volume":"51","author":"W Tassaneeyakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221-4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04745.x","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*1502 allele with carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population.","volume":"50","author":"C Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-20","first-page":"290-3","article-title":"Frequency of the HLA-B*1502 allele contributing to carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in a cohort of Malaysian epilepsy patients.","volume":"29","author":"S Then","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349-56","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.09.162","article-title":"Common risk allele in aromatic antiepileptic-drug induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Han Chinese.","volume":"11","author":"S Hung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78-86","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003453","article-title":"Risk and association of HLA with oxcarbazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions in Asians.","volume":"88","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170-3","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2016.10","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*15:13 and HLA-B*15:02 with phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in a Malay population.","volume":"17","author":"C Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183-91","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004008","article-title":"HLA-A*24:02 as a common risk factor for antiepileptic drug\u2013induced cutaneous adverse reactions.","volume":"88","author":"Y Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307-14","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12217","article-title":"HLA-B alleles associated with severe cutaneous reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Han Chinese.","volume":"54","author":"Y Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617-22","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.11.1617","article-title":"HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"9","author":"N Kaniwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461-5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02766.x","article-title":"HLA-B*1511 is a risk factor for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japanese patients.","volume":"51","author":"N Kaniwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118-26","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2016.57.1.118","article-title":"HLA Allele Frequencies in 5802 Koreans: Varied Allele Types Associated with SJS\/TEN According to Culprit Drugs.","volume":"57","author":"H Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813-8","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.7.6.813","article-title":"HLA-B locus in Caucasian patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity.","volume":"7","author":"A Alfirevic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-107","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f3ef9c","article-title":"A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs.","volume":"18","author":"C Lonjou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168-178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.11.027","article-title":"Significant HLA class I type associations with aromatic antiepileptic drug (AED)-induced SJS\/TEN are different from those found for the same AED-induced DRESS in the Spanish population.","volume":"115","author":"E Ram\u00edrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.08.010","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions and HLA genotypes in Koreans.","volume":"97","author":"S Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034-41","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq537","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-A*3101 allele as a genetic risk factor for carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Japanese population.","volume":"20","author":"T Ozeki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134-43","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013297","article-title":"HLA-A*3101 and Carbamazepine-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions in Europeans.","volume":"364","author":"M McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496-506","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12564","article-title":"Recommendations for HLA-B*15: 02 and HLA-A*31: 01 genetic testing to reduce the risk of carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions.","volume":"55","author":"U Amstutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543-6","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.10.1543","article-title":"Carbamazepine, HLA-B*1502 and risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: US FDA recommendations.","volume":"9","author":"P Ferrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126-33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009717","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced toxic effects and HLA-B*1502 screening in Taiwan.","volume":"364","author":"P Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134-9","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","article-title":"HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol.","volume":"102","author":"S Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704-9","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328330a3b8","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-B*5801 and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Thai population.","volume":"19","author":"W Tassaneeyakul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150-2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.04.013","article-title":"HLA-B*58: 01 strongly associates with allopurinol-induced adverse drug reactions in a Japanese sample population.","volume":"71","author":"H Niihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555-8","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13688","article-title":"HLA-B*58: 01 is strongly associated with allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Han Chinese patients: a multicentre retrospective case-control clinical study.","volume":"173","author":"L Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00186","article-title":"HLA-B*58: 01 for Allopurinol-Induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Implication for Clinical Interpretation in Thailand.","volume":"7","author":"C Sukasem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660-5","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12389","article-title":"HLA-B*58: 01 is a risk factor for allopurinol-induced DRESS and Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Portuguese population.","volume":"169","author":"M Gon\u00e7alo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057-71","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13143","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of HLA-B*5801 screening in severe allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"20","author":"K Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis."},{"key":"ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81870-9","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13250","article-title":"Impact of HLA-B*58: 01 allele and allopurinol-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions: evidence from 21 pharmacogenetic studies.","volume":"7","author":"R Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835-43","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151476","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness Analysis for Genotyping Before Allopurinol Treatment to Prevent Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.","volume":"44","author":"C Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594-600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.10.009","article-title":"The Cost-Effectiveness of HLA-B*5801 Screening to Guide Initial Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout in the United States.","volume":"46","author":"E Jutkowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727-32","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(02)07873-x","article-title":"Association Between Presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and Hypersensitivity to HIV-1 Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Abacavir.","volume":"359","author":"S Mallal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08158-8","article-title":"Genetic Variations in HLA-B Region and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Abacavir.","volume":"359","author":"S Hetherington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4180-5","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307067101","article-title":"Predisposition to Abacavir Hypersensitivity Conferred by HLA-B*5701 and a Haplotypic Hsp70-Hom Variant.","volume":"101","author":"A Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203-11","DOI":"10.1517\/phgs.5.2.203.27481","article-title":"Association of genetic variations in HLA-B region with hypersensitivity to abacavir in some, but not all, populations.","volume":"5","author":"A Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111-8","DOI":"10.1086\/529382","article-title":"High Sensitivity of Human Leukocyte Antigen\u2013B*5701 as a Marker for Immunologically Confirmed Abacavir Hypersensitivity in White and Black Patients.","volume":"46","author":"M Saag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis.."},{"key":"ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568-79","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706135","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir.","volume":"358","author":"S Mallal","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0217-3","article-title":"HLA-B*57: 01 screening and hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir between 1999 and 2016 in the OPERA\u00ae observational database: a cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"K Mounzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther."},{"key":"ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211-21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032424","article-title":"Drug metabolism and variability among patients in drug response.","volume":"352","author":"G Wilkinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525-34","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7859","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with phenytoin-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions.","volume":"312","author":"W Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49-54","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-483x(02)00254-8","article-title":"Modes of presentation of chemical neoantigens to the immune system.","volume":"181-182","author":"W Pichler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology."},{"key":"ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701-7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03764.x","article-title":"Delayed drug hypersensitivity: Models of T-cell stimulation.","volume":"71","author":"J Adam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42-8","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12674","article-title":"Immunological response in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"42","author":"R Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937-48","DOI":"10.1021\/tx900034r","article-title":"Multiple adduction reactions of nitroso sulfamethoxazole with cysteinyl residues of peptides and proteins: Implications for hapten formation.","volume":"22","author":"H Callan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol."},{"key":"ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203-6","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00122.x","article-title":"Molecular Features of Penicillin Allergy.","volume":"110","author":"H Weltzien","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393-407","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702453","article-title":"Cellular disposition of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites: Implications for hypersensitivity.","volume":"126","author":"D Naisbitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861-72","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01718.x","article-title":"Mechanisms in cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions.","volume":"33","author":"P Friedmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy."},{"key":"ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301-5","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200208000-00003","article-title":"Pharmacological interaction of drugs with antigen-specific immune receptors: The p-i concept.","volume":"2","author":"W Pichler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00012","article-title":"Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions.","volume":"139","author":"W Pichler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984-93","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302306","article-title":"Oxypurinol Directly and Immediately Activates the Drug-Specific T Cells via the Preferential Use of HLA-B*58: 01.","volume":"192","author":"J Yun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17-25","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.17","article-title":"Pharmacological Interaction of Drugs with Immune Receptors: The p-i Concept.","volume":"55","author":"W Pichler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergol Int."},{"key":"ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.06.017","article-title":"HLA-B*1502-bound peptides: Implications for the pathogenesis of carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"120","author":"C Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554-8","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11147","article-title":"Immune self-reactivity triggered by drug-modified HLA-peptide repertoire.","volume":"486","author":"P Illing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9959-64","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207934109","article-title":"Drug hypersensitivity caused by alteration of the MHC-presented self-peptide repertoire.","volume":"109","author":"D Ostrov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266-1276.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.013","article-title":"Shared and restricted T-cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"128","author":"T Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562-9.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.990","article-title":"Direct interaction between HLA-B and carbamazepine activates T cells in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"129","author":"C Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237-48","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.165","article-title":"Oxypurinol-Specific T Cells Possess Preferential TCR Clonotypes and Express Granulysin in Allopurinol-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions.","volume":"135","author":"W Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11396-2","article-title":"Identification of drug-specific public TCR driving severe cutaneous adverse reactions.","volume":"10","author":"R Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466-8","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680250078010","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell recruitment in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Further evidence of CD8+ lymphocyte involvement.","volume":"129","author":"O Correia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225-30","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01119.x","article-title":"Blister fluid T lymphocytes during toxic epidermal necrolysis are functional cytotoxic cells which express human natural killer (NK) inhibitory receptors.","volume":"119","author":"L Le Cleach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322-30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10649.x","article-title":"Possible involvement of CD14+ CD16+ monocyte lineage cells in the epidermal damage of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"166","author":"M Tohyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29-32","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.29","article-title":"Soluble interleukin 2 receptor and interleukin 1alpha in toxic epidermal necrolysis: A comparative analysis of serum and blister fluid samples.","volume":"138","author":"O Correia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710-4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06976.x","article-title":"Apoptosis as a mechanism of keratinocyte death in toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"134","author":"C Paul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495-516","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","article-title":"Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death.","volume":"35","author":"S Elmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol."},{"key":"ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16183-8","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212188200","article-title":"Intracellular localization of keratinocyte Fas ligand explains lack of cytolytic activity under physiological conditions.","volume":"278","author":"I Viard-Leveugle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490-3","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.490","article-title":"Inhibition of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis by Blockade of CD95 with Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin.","volume":"282","author":"I Viard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317-22","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0396-317","article-title":"Fas ligand in human serum.","volume":"2","author":"M Tanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Soluble Fas ligand involvement in the pathomechanisms of these diseases.","volume":"52","author":"R Abe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515-20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64284-8","article-title":"Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Are Induced by Soluble Fas Ligand.","volume":"162","author":"R Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802-7","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700648","article-title":"Soluble FAS ligand: A discriminating feature between drug-induced skin eruptions and viral exanthemas.","volume":"127","author":"K Stur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728-33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01622.x","article-title":"Drug Specific Cytotoxic T-Cells in the Skin Lesions of a Patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"118","author":"A Nassif","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209-15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.047","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Effector cells are drug-specific cytotoxic T cells.","volume":"114","author":"A Nassif","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343-50","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1884","article-title":"Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"14","author":"W Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514-5","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00016","article-title":"Granulysin as a marker for early diagnosis of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"151","author":"R Abe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"ref-91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452-3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10921.x","article-title":"Prolonged elevation of serum granulysin in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.","volume":"167","author":"N Saito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245ra95-245ra95","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008227","article-title":"An annexin A1-FPR1 interaction contributes to necroptosis of keratinocytes in severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions.","volume":"6","author":"N Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"ref-93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455-65","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1310050","article-title":"Necroptosis.","volume":"370","author":"A Linkermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434-41.e1-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.09.014","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis mouse model generated by using PBMCs and the skin of patients.","volume":"131","author":"N Saito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.05.006","article-title":"Chemokine expression in diverse nonimmediate drug hypersensitivity reactions: Focus on thymus activation-regulated chemokine, cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, and interleukin-10.","volume":"113","author":"F Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref-96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-018-0199-6","article-title":"Diverse expression of TNF-\u03b1 and CCL27 in serum and blister of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"8","author":"F Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy."},{"key":"ref-97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00033","article-title":"The Human Cutaneous Chemokine System.","volume":"2","author":"M McCully","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref-98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335-40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.034","article-title":"Involvement of CCL27-CCR10 interactions in drug-induced cutaneous reactions.","volume":"114","author":"B Tapia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065-73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.034","article-title":"Interleukin-15 Is Associated with Severity and Mortality in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome\/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"137","author":"S Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189-95","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0297-189","article-title":"Interleukin-15 mediates T cell-dependent regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"3","author":"I McInnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"ref-101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894-2897.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.05.002","article-title":"Galectin-7 as a potential biomarker of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis: Identification by targeted proteomics using causative drug-exposed peripheral blood cells.","volume":"7","author":"N Hama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"ref-102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7-23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.01.059","article-title":"A review on mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics: Targeted and data independent acquisition.","volume":"964","author":"V Vidova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta."},{"key":"ref-103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768-1771.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.01.006","article-title":"RIP3 as a diagnostic and severity marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"8","author":"A Hasegawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"ref-104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243-54","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1095OC","article-title":"Red blood cells induce necroptosis of lung endothelial cells and increase susceptibility to lung inflammation.","volume":"190","author":"D Qing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"ref-105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100-4","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181cb8cb8","article-title":"What Are the Fluid Requirements in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?","volume":"31","author":"S Shiga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res."},{"key":"ref-106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-4","DOI":"10.1177\/011542659701200281","article-title":"Nutrition requirements in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"12","author":"J Coss-Bu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract."},{"key":"ref-107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191-5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsi.2013.09.008","article-title":"French referral center management of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"31","author":"L Valeyrie-Allanore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatologica Sinica."},{"key":"ref-108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28-36","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181ca4290","article-title":"Bacteremia in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Epidemiology, risk factors, and predictive value of skin cultures.","volume":"89","author":"N de Prost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"ref-109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38-69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.11.023","article-title":"SJS\/TEN 2017: Building Multidisciplinary Networks to Drive Science and Translation.","volume":"6","author":"K White","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"ref-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514-22","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.5668","article-title":"Systemic Immunomodulating Therapies for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"153","author":"S Zimmermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235-44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0530-y","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Concise Review with a Comprehensive Summary of Therapeutic Interventions Emphasizing Supportive Measures.","volume":"34","author":"J Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther."},{"key":"ref-112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194-227","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14530","article-title":"U.K. guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016.","volume":"174","author":"D Creamer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155-8","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198205000-00005","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children.","volume":"1","author":"C Ginsburg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"ref-114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503-12","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198611000-00001","article-title":"Improved Burn Center Survival of Patients with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Managed without Corticosteroids.","volume":"204","author":"P Halebian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"ref-115","first-page":"273-8","article-title":"Burn center care for patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"180","author":"J Kelemen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg."},{"key":"ref-116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723-8","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3322","article-title":"Recurrence and Outcomes of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children.","volume":"128","author":"Y Finkelstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"ref-117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197-204","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.510","article-title":"Comprehensive Survival Analysis of a Cohort of Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"133","author":"P Sekula","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87-94","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098611404094","article-title":"Systematic review of treatments for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis using the SCORTEN score as a tool for evaluating mortality.","volume":"2","author":"J Roujeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref-119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33-40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.039","article-title":"Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR Study.","volume":"58","author":"J Schneck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144-8","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0214","article-title":"Dexamethasone Pulse Therapy for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome\/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"87","author":"S Kardaun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"ref-121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304-9","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12607","article-title":"The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective analysis of 64 patients managed in a specialized centre.","volume":"169","author":"H Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33-6","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.33","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A prospective noncomparative study showing no benefit on mortality or progression.","volume":"139","author":"N Bachot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000105096.93526.27","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Does immunoglobulin make a difference?","volume":"25","author":"K Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil."},{"key":"ref-124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424-32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10965.x","article-title":"The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"167","author":"Y Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430-6","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1430","article-title":"Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in children with stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Seven cases and review of the literature.","volume":"112","author":"D Metry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"ref-126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96-9","DOI":"10.1159\/000070957","article-title":"Effect of High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study.","volume":"207","author":"C Prins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"ref-127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085-90","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565150-00002","article-title":"Treatment of epidermal necrolysis with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IV Ig): Clinical experience to date.","volume":"65","author":"O Faye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"ref-128","first-page":"2494-7","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.","volume":"27","author":"M Morici","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108-15","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12423","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A meta-analysis with meta-regression of observational studies.","volume":"54","author":"S Barron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758-66","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13430","article-title":"Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions.","volume":"43","author":"W Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847-53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09863.x","article-title":"Open trial of ciclosporin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"163","author":"L Valeyrie-Allanore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.07.016","article-title":"Retrospective review of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis treatment comparing intravenous immunoglobulin with cyclosporine.","volume":"71","author":"M Kirchhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5070\/D32210032890","article-title":"Cyclosporine in toxic epidermal necrolysis: A brief review of the emerging therapeutic modality.","volume":"22","author":"P Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J."},{"key":"ref-134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106-113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.048","article-title":"Cyclosporine treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis: Retrospective analysis of a cohort treated in a specialized referral center.","volume":"76","author":"H Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135-142","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S160964","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cyclosporine treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"11","author":"Q Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res."},{"key":"ref-136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092-100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.022","article-title":"Cyclosporine Use in Epidermal Necrolysis Is Associated with an Important Mortality Reduction: Evidence from Three Different Approaches.","volume":"137","author":"C Gonz\u00e1lez-Herrada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.828","article-title":"New Evidence Supporting Cyclosporine Efficacy in Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"137","author":"J Roujeau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S0190-9622(19)30001-5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.063","article-title":"Use of Cyclosporine for the treatment of Steven Johnson Syndrome\/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","author":"R Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12758","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12758","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"32","author":"M Gilbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"ref-140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548-1549","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660120074023","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in Severe Drug-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"121","author":"D Kamanabroo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634-8","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889101401006","article-title":"Plasma Exchange (Pe) Treatment in Drug-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Ten).","volume":"14","author":"G Sakellariou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs."},{"key":"ref-142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218-21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00192.x","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"36","author":"G Chaidemenos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458-61","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(99)70497-4","article-title":"Plasmapheresis as an adjunct treatment in toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"40","author":"C Egan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225-8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-0968.2002.00409.x","article-title":"Plasma exchange in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"6","author":"G Bamichas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ther Apher."},{"key":"ref-145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153-6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.1998.tb00094.x","article-title":"A Study of the Efficacy of Plasmapheresis for the Treatment of Drug Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"2","author":"H Yamada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ther Apher."},{"key":"ref-146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307-10","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051063","article-title":"Lack of significant treatment effect of plasma exchange in the treatment of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis?","volume":"25","author":"A Furubacke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref-147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236-45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01154.x","article-title":"Efficacy of plasmapheresis for the treatment of severe toxic epidermal necrolysis: Is cytokine expression analysis useful in predicting its therapeutic efficacy?","volume":"38","author":"Y Narita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504-10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.12.007","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis combined treatment in patients with severe toxic epidermal necrolysis: Preliminary report.","volume":"58","author":"M Lissia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg."},{"key":"ref-149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.07.002","article-title":"Successful treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis using plasmapheresis: A prospective observational study.","volume":"42","author":"F Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"ref-150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605-8","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690050073012","article-title":"Macrophages and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","volume":"130","author":"P Paquet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850-5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23439.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential role of cytokines in toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"123","author":"A Nassif","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420-1","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0462","article-title":"Beneficial and rapid effect of infliximab on the course of toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"88","author":"A Wojtkiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"ref-153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915314","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/915314","article-title":"Combination of infliximab and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for toxic epidermal necrolysis: Successful treatment of an elderly patient.","volume":"2012","author":"K Patmanidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med."},{"key":"ref-154","first-page":"61-3","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis successfully treated with infliximab.","volume":"23","author":"L Z\u00e1rate-Correa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532-4","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12029","article-title":"Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Child Successfully Treated with Infliximab.","volume":"31","author":"V Scott-Lang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634-1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.12.018","article-title":"Combination therapy: Etanercept and intravenous immunoglobulin for the acute treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"45","author":"C Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns."},{"key":"ref-157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278-83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.04.044","article-title":"Etanercept therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis.","volume":"71","author":"A Paradisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923-4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.029","article-title":"Rapid resolution of toxic epidermal necrolysis with anti-TNF-alpha treatment.","volume":"116","author":"R Hunger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150-3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00616.x","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis successfully treated with etanercept.","volume":"36","author":"E Gubinelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T08:00:50Z","timestamp":1696233650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"references-count":159,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.24748.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27302.r64515","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27302.r64514","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.27302.r64515, Marc Vocanson, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, France, 16 Jun 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1#referee-response-64515","order":0,"name":"referee-response-64515","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.27302.r64514, Julia Spoendlin, Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 16 Jun 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-612\/v1#referee-response-64514","order":1,"name":"referee-response-64514","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}