{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:47Z","timestamp":1772168987276,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28226.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28226.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) Operation of the Ministry of Higher Education, Sri Lanka funded by the World Bank"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Anaemia in pregnancy, which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, is a significant global health problem. Despite Sri Lanka\u2019s strong public health system and commitment towards prevention, maternal anaemia remains a major problem in the country. While prevention is focused on iron deficiency, detailed etiological studies on this topic are scarce. Moreover, estimates of socio demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy, which can provide important clues for anaemia control, are also lacking. This study aims to evaluate the hemoglobin distribution, and geographical distribution, contribution of known aetiologies and associated factors for anaemia in pregnant women in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    This is a cross sectional study of pregnant women in their first trimester registered for antenatal care from July to September 2019 in Anuradhapura district. The minimal sample size was calculated to be 1866. Initial data collection has already been carried out in special field clinics for pregnant women between June to October 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a self-completed dietary questionnaire and an examination checklist were used for data collection. In addition, all participants underwent complete blood count testing. Further investigations are being conducted for predicting the etiology of anaemia based on a developed algorithm (such as high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and peripheral blood film analysis).\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Discussion:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Being the largest study on anaemia during pregnancy in a single geographical area in Sri Lanka, this study will provide important clues about geographical clustering of anaemia cases with similar etiology, associated factors and etiologies which would help to develop interventions to improve the health of pregnant women in the area. The possibility of selection bias is a potential limitation associated with the study design.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28226.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T13:03:55Z","timestamp":1649768635000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-sectional study to assess etiology and associated factors for anaemia during first trimester of pregnancy in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: a protocol"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayani","family":"Amarasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasana","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thilini","family":"Agampodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suneth","family":"Agampodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111-23","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556742","article-title":"Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Long-Term Health Outcomes in the Offspring.","volume":"04","author":"N Alwan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Genet."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121327","article-title":"Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy and Infancy: Uncertainties and Implications for Research and Policy.","volume":"9","author":"P Brannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0516-1","article-title":"Changes in maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy and birth outcomes.","volume":"15","author":"S Jwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"key":"ref-4","first-page":"S165-70","article-title":"The relationship of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the first and second half of pregnancy with pregnancy outcome.","volume":"17","author":"M Khoigani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res."},{"key":"ref-5","article-title":"Annual Report of the Family Health Bureau 2018.","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref-6","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of anaemia","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref-7","article-title":"Maternal Care Package A Guide to Field Healthcare Workers.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref-8","article-title":"Statistics."},{"key":"ref-9","article-title":"Assignment report on the control of nutritional anaemia in pregnancy in Ceylon","author":"S Sood","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia in Sri Lanka","author":"K Liyanage","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref-11","article-title":"Nutrition and Food Security Assessment in Sri Lanka","author":"R Jayatissa","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116-20","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v50i3.1428","article-title":"Adverse effects of teenage pregnancy.","volume":"50","author":"I Goonewardene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J."},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"Prevalence of Anaemia among Children and Women Demographic and Health Survey 2006\/7.","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref-14","first-page":"9-16","article-title":"Combating Iron Deficiency 2. 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This research was supported by the Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) Operation of the Ministry of Higher Education, Sri Lanka funded by the World Bank (DOR STEM HEMS [6026-LK\/ 8743-LK]). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}