{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:07:07Z","timestamp":1790885227733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":292,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96,\n                    <ns4:italic>p<\/ns4:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11,\n                    <ns4:italic>p<\/ns4:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusion<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Protocol registration:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    PROSPERO\n                    <ns4:ext-link xmlns:ns5=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" ns5:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=223204\">CRD42020223204<\/ns4:ext-link>\n                    .\n                    <ns4:bold\/>\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28393.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T13:00:24Z","timestamp":1611234024000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: incidence and effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms - a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endang","family":"Mutiawati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marhami","family":"Fahriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukamto S.","family":"Mamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0309-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonny Karunia","family":"Fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andri","family":"Frediansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3702-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helnida Anggun","family":"Maliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9459-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ilmawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9443-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youdiil","family":"Ophinni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichsan","family":"Ichsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrul","family":"Musadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"Rabaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Dhama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syahrul","family":"Syahrul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firzan","family":"Nainu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harapan","family":"Harapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101755","article-title":"An update on SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 with particular reference to its clinical pathology, pathogenesis, immunopathology and mitigation strategies.","volume":"37","author":"K Dhama","year":"2020 Sep - Oct","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00028-20","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19.","volume":"33","author":"K Dhama","year":"2020 Sep 16","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70-77","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12040","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019: International public health considerations.","volume":"1","author":"C Greene","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACEP Open"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.07.006","article-title":"Antivirals for COVID-19: a critical review.","author":"A Frediansyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.07.011","article-title":"Remdesivir and its antiviral activity against COVID-19: A systematic review.","author":"A Frediansyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm88030036","article-title":"Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin Against SARS-CoV-2: An Old-Fashioned Dog with a New Trick\u2014A Literature Review.","volume":"88","author":"M Mudatsir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientia Pharmaceutica"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-12","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1825896","article-title":"Recent advances in vaccine and immunotherapy for COVID-19.","author":"A Rabaan","year":"2020 Nov 6","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2123","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2123","article-title":"Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.","volume":"30","author":"S Keam","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568-576","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25748","article-title":"Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures.","volume":"92","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"A Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05966-0","article-title":"Possible link between anosmia and COVID-19: sniffing out the truth.","author":"A Marinosci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0194599820922992","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820922992","article-title":"COVID-19 anosmia reporting tool: initial findings.","author":"R Kaye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06066-9","article-title":"New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects.","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22610","article-title":"Smell and taste alterations in Covid-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts","author":"A Paderno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10966","article-title":"What is anosmia?","volume":"324","author":"P Huynh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-1732-2","article-title":"Loss of taste and smell.","volume":"228","author":"L Samaranayake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152184","article-title":"Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology.","author":"S Pallanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp Psych"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1772992","article-title":"Anosmia and dysgeusia in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.","author":"R Levinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","article-title":"Features of anosmia in COVID-19.","author":"T Klopfenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224-225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009850","article-title":"Bilateral transient olfactory bulb edema during COVID-19-related anosmia.","volume":"95","author":"T Laurendon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-19","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2020.420","article-title":"Self-reported anosmia and dysgeusia as key symptoms of COVID-19.","author":"D Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01442-3","article-title":"Contribution of anosmia and dysgeusia for diagnostic of COVID-19 in outpatients.","author":"S Zayet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.20.0287","article-title":"Loss of smell or taste as the only symptom of COVID-19.","author":"J Hjelmes\u00e6th","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement.","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009 Jul","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010 Sep","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"373","article-title":"Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre.","author":"T Cochrane","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399-400","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001123","article-title":"Presentation with Anosmia and Ageusia: Possible Hidden Carriers of COVID-19.","volume":"113","author":"E Iran-Pour","year":"2020 Aug","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1068-1072","article-title":"A study of COVID-19 symptoms using fuzzy cognitive map.","volume":"12","author":"A Kanchana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-27288\/v1","article-title":"Clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): comparison of suspected cases of COVID-19 in isolation and non-COVID-19 pneumonia in a single-center study conducted in Beijing, China.","author":"H Liu","year":"2020 2020\/11\/19","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34171\/mjiri.34.62","article-title":"Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran.","volume":"34","author":"S Bagheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918-2926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.003","article-title":"Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography and Lung Ultrasonography in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).","volume":"46","author":"Y Tung-Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109757","article-title":"COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran.","author":"S Gilani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155-2156","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15451","article-title":"The early experiences of a single tertiary Italian emergency department treating COVID-19 in children.","volume":"109","author":"G Brisca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19855","article-title":"Epidemiological Observations on the Association between Anosmia and COVID-19 Infection: Analysis of Data from a Self-Assessment Web Application.","volume":"22","author":"F Denis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206-207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.068","article-title":"Evidence for significant COVID-19 community transmission in Somalia using a clinical case definition.","volume":"98","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13923","article-title":"High Prevalence of Headaches During Covid-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","author":"L Poncet-Megemont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2020.1789036","article-title":"High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in elderly care employees in Sweden.","volume":"10","author":"J Lindahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197175","article-title":"Hospital and population-based evidence for covid-19 early circulation in the east of france.","volume":"17","author":"L Gerbaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820002253","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: can PrEP prevent COVID-19-related symptoms?","author":"D Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1-11","article-title":"Prolonged complaints of chemosensory loss after covid-19.","volume":"67","author":"A Fjaeldstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dan. Med. J."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003358","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003358","article-title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and\/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study.","volume":"17","author":"J Makaronidis","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302-306","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820929957","article-title":"Subjective Changes in Smell and Taste During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey\u2014Preliminary Results.","volume":"163","author":"D Coelho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102639","article-title":"Subjective smell and taste changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Short term recovery.","volume":"41","author":"E Reiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06252-9","article-title":"Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey.","author":"L Spadera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280-281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.07.074","article-title":"Acute myelitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. A new etiology of myelitis?","volume":"80","author":"D Aguila-Gordo","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"37-8","article-title":"Acute Vision Loss in a Patient with COVID-19.","volume":"103","author":"V Selvaraj","year":"2020 Jun 10","journal-title":"R I Med J (2013)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E199-E200","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002718","article-title":"Anosmia and ageusia: Not an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents.","volume":"39","author":"P Mak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.05.017","article-title":"Anosmia and olfactory tract neuropathy in a case of COVID-19.","author":"C Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703-1706","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6675","article-title":"Anosmia in COVID-19 associated with injury to the olfactory bulbs evident on MRI.","volume":"41","author":"M Arag\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224-225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009850","article-title":"Bilateral transient olfactory bulb edema during COVID-19-related anosmia.","volume":"95","author":"T Laurendon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53-55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.06.015","article-title":"A case of COVID-19 infection presenting with a seizure following severe brain edema.","volume":"80","author":"Y Kadono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-6","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.925813","article-title":"A case of covid-19 with late-onset rash and transient loss of taste and smell in a 15-year-old boy.","volume":"21","author":"A Maniaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00975","article-title":"Case report of familial COVID-19 cluster associated with High prevalence of anosmia, ageusia, and gastrointestinal symptoms.","author":"B Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441-445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.09.148","article-title":"Case report of sequential bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a never-ventilated, lung-healthy COVID-19-patient.","volume":"75","author":"C Caviezel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-3","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.104151","article-title":"Clinical management of il-6 driven cytokine storm related to covid-19 in a patient with recent spinal cord stimulator implants: A case report.","volume":"10","author":"A Papa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359-360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.019","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019-associated urticaria with angioedema in a morbidly obese man successfully treated with glucocorticoids.","volume":"125","author":"R Lockey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00909","article-title":"COVID-19 and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","author":"A Zito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2020.101183","article-title":"COVID-19 co-infection in a patient with brucella bacteremia.","author":"F Elzein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case. Rep."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593-597","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12755","article-title":"COVID-19 is Associated with an Unusual Pattern of Brain Microbleeds in Critically Ill Patients.","volume":"30","author":"A Fitsiori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-36524\/v1","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: management of patients affected by SARSCoV-2 in Rome Covid Hospital 2 Trauma Center and safety of our surgical equipe.","author":"D Mauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Squ"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800-801","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00887-4","article-title":"A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain.","volume":"26","author":"F Aksan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495-1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04402-w","article-title":"COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage: a case report.","volume":"162","author":"M Al-olama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2020.070","article-title":"COVID-19 post hematopoietic cell transplant, a report of 11 cases from a single center.","volume":"12","author":"A Haroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.35.2.23114","article-title":"CT scan bilateral interstitial pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV 2.","volume":"35","author":"D Coco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182-183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.073","article-title":"CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: A cautionary case report.","volume":"100","author":"T Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117053","article-title":"Description of 3 patients with myasthenia gravis and COVID-19.","author":"N Rein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183-1184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713665","article-title":"Detection of COVID-19 in a Vulvar Lesion.","volume":"37","author":"E Rubin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-7","DOI":"10.37678\/dcybd.2020.2376","article-title":"Determination of diagnosis and disease severity, hospital and intensive care unit admission criteria in COVID-19.","volume":"11","author":"E Ortac","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crit Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2020.101063","article-title":"Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases.","author":"R Horowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case. Rep."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-3","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2020.1787342","article-title":"Encephalomyelitis associated with Covid-19 infection: case report.","author":"G Demirci Otluoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.553730","article-title":"Epidemiological Chronicle of the First Recovered Coronavirus Disease Patient From Panama: Evidence of Early Cluster Transmission in a High School of Panama City.","author":"A Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102182","article-title":"A fine balance: Immunosuppression and immunotherapy in a patient with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19.","author":"C Valencia-Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204-207","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12382","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A case report and review of recent literature.","volume":"25","author":"E Scheidl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000781","article-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing.","volume":"7","author":"M Dalakas","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04694-x","article-title":"Headache and pleocytosis in CSF associated with COVID-19: case report.","volume":"41","author":"F de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236080","article-title":"Hypogeusia as the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.","volume":"13","author":"L Melley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Reports"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152184","article-title":"Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology.","volume":"100","author":"S Pallanti","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00474","article-title":"Meningitis as an Initial Presentation of COVID-19: A Case Report.","author":"S Naz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236419","article-title":"Miller Fisher syndrome and COVID-19: Is there a link.","volume":"13","author":"A Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Reports"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e601-e605","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619","article-title":"Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19.","volume":"95","author":"C Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102377","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"45","author":"M Palao","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13939","article-title":"COVID-19 and Older People in Asia: AWGS Calls to Actions.","author":"W Lim","year":"2020 May 4","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110469","article-title":"Olfactory bulb magnetic resonance imaging in SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia in pediatric cases.","author":"N Hatipoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-020-0100-z","article-title":"Oral ulceration and blistering in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"21","author":"A Sinadinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based Dent."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.576153","article-title":"Postinfectious Onset of Myasthenia Gravis in a COVID-19 Patient.","author":"M Huber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100-1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.06.022","article-title":"Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod treated with ciclesonide.","volume":"26","author":"H Baba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491-1494","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04374-x","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions.","volume":"162","author":"L Zanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurgica"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471-5","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S277882","article-title":"Second episode of COVID-19 in health professionals: Report of two cases.","volume":"13","author":"C de Brito","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Medical Case Reports Journal"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.09.030","article-title":"Severe olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in a Japanese pediatric patient with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).","author":"Y Kasuga","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456-458","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00849-w","article-title":"A special symptom of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases.","volume":"26","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01261-1","article-title":"Study of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and urine samples of a volunteer with positive naso-pharyngeal swab.","author":"D Paoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935-938","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2020.0289","article-title":"Thoracoscopic bullectomy for persistent air leak in a 14-year-old child with COVID-19 bilateral pulmonary disease.","volume":"30","author":"C Gin\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202-2204","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14954","article-title":"Thromboprophylaxis in a patient with COVID-19 and severe hemophilia A on emicizumab prophylaxis.","volume":"18","author":"M Rivas-Pollmar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265-1266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01570-0","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes onset triggered by COVID-19.","volume":"57","author":"L Marchand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900-901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.07.020","article-title":"Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem in association with coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"6","author":"L Glick","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169-71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.07.034","article-title":"Vasculitis-related stroke in young as a presenting feature of novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) - Case report.","volume":"79","author":"G de Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785-789","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00875-8","article-title":"Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries.","volume":"26","author":"J Vargas-Gandica","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-9","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.189","article-title":"Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers - A systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management.","volume":"58","author":"M Lechner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788-1792","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13940","article-title":"Case Series of Headache Characteristics in COVID-19: Headache Can Be an Isolated Symptom.","volume":"60","author":"T Toptan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208-211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.023","article-title":"Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19? An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.","volume":"97","author":"O Kilic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47-53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.05.008","article-title":"Delirium in COVID-19: A case series and exploration of potential mechanisms for central nervous system involvement.","volume":"65","author":"S Beach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2020.e00243","article-title":"Fetal deaths in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: A case series.","author":"R Richtmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583-1590","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26279","article-title":"Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients.","volume":"42","author":"J Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.07.014","article-title":"Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ?","author":"T Brand\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230-3","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.APC_77_20","article-title":"Patterns of myocardial involvement in children during COVID-19 pandemic: Early experience from northern Italy.","volume":"13","author":"P Ferrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3269","article-title":"Prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: A case series.","author":"P Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237960","article-title":"Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona.","volume":"15","author":"A Sis\u00f3-Almirall","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18848-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Sweden.","volume":"11","author":"A Rudberg","year":"2020 Oct 8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e927304","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.927304","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 in 5 Patients in Ecuador After Prior Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","volume":"21","author":"M Zurita","year":"2020 Sep 26","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26352","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in persons living with HIV: A single center prospective cohort.","author":"F Maggiolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e375","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e375","article-title":"Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility.","volume":"35","author":"M Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280-285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.044","article-title":"Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: Multicenter case series of 22 patients.","volume":"83","author":"A Marzano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02182-4","article-title":"Gustatory Dysfunction: A Highly Specific and Smell-Independent Symptom of COVID-19.","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06066-9","article-title":"New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects.","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560-9","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26269","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID-19 patients: Italian objective multicenter-study.","volume":"42","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571-576","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001358","article-title":"Remote psychophysical evaluation of olfactory and gustatory functions in early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 patients: The Bologna experience of 300 cases.","volume":"134","author":"M Petrocelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570-1576","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26228","article-title":"Validation of a self-administered olfactory and gustatory test for the remotely evaluation of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine.","volume":"42","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74-82","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13318","article-title":"A pandemic center\u2019s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study.","volume":"151","author":"D Sahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999-1006","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217960","article-title":"Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): A multicentre cohort.","volume":"79","author":"M Pouletty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110086","article-title":"Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?","volume":"143","author":"G Paolo","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02166-4","article-title":"Emergence and Evolution of Olfactory and Gustatory Symptoms in Patients with COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting.","author":"M Karimi-Galougahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X20953356","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in an Italian cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis.","author":"N Papa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490-496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2020.05.001","article-title":"Incomplete and late recovery of sudden olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19.","volume":"86","author":"E Kosugi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02405-1","article-title":"Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia.","author":"Y Islamoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.15.20066472","article-title":"Objective olfactory testing in patients presenting with sudden onset olfactory dysfunction as the first manifestation of confirmed COVID-19 infection.","author":"J Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.10.006","article-title":"Olfactory Bulb MRI and Paranasal Sinus CT Findings in Persistent COVID-19 Anosmia.","author":"S Kandemirli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882-1887","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6751","article-title":"Olfactory bulb signal abnormality in patients with COVID-19 who present with neurologic symptoms.","volume":"41","author":"S Strauss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102636","article-title":"Paranasal sinuses computed tomography findings in anosmia of COVID-19.","volume":"41","author":"A Naeini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.31.20185298","article-title":"PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SMELL AND TASTE TEST VS PCR-RT SARS-COV-2 AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION BY COVID-19. A PROSPECTIVE MULTI-CENTRIC STUDY.","author":"R Pieruzzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26486","article-title":"A comparative study on the clinical features of COVID-19 with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections.","author":"J Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405-412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.05.022","article-title":"Accuracy of Emergency Department Clinical Findings for Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019.","volume":"76","author":"O Peyrony","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738-1741","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14273","article-title":"Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study.","volume":"27","author":"A Beltr\u00e1n-Corbellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093311","article-title":"Analysis of imported cases of covid-19 in taiwan: A nationwide study.","volume":"17","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E702-e7","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200869","article-title":"Anosmia and dysgeusia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-matched case-control study.","volume":"192","author":"A Carignan","year":"2020 Jun 29","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161-3.e2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.036","article-title":"Are Gastrointestinal Symptoms Specific for Coronavirus 2019 Infection? A Prospective Case-Control Study From the United States.","volume":"159","author":"A Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322-2328","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14444","article-title":"Assessment of neurological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.","volume":"27","author":"M Luigetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806-813","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579","article-title":"Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms.","volume":"10","author":"C Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06266-3","article-title":"Chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 out-patients.","author":"M Rojas-Lechuga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820954825","article-title":"Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Prevalences, Recovery Rates, and Clinical Associations on a Large Brazilian Sample.","author":"D Neto","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22-S6","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2778","article-title":"Chest x-rays findings in covid 19 patients at a university teaching hospital-a descriptive study.","volume":"36","author":"M Durrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71-77","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19163","article-title":"Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases.","volume":"183","author":"C Galv\u00e1n Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335-344","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13089","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"288","author":"J Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.040","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with mild COVID-19.","volume":"26","author":"G Kim","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813-817","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02379-z","article-title":"Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study.","volume":"15","author":"F Lapostolle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104577","article-title":"Clinical predictors and timing of cessation of viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"130","author":"C Corsini Campioli","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587-3589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.009","article-title":"Clinical presentation at the onset of COVID-19 and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.","volume":"8","author":"F Ferreli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02175-3","article-title":"Contemporary Analysis of Olfactory Dysfunction in Mild to Moderate Covid 19 Patients in A Tertiary Health Care Centre.","author":"I Rajkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.07.06.20147751","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.06.201477","article-title":"COVID-19 presenting as anosmia and dysgeusia in New York City emergency departments, March - April, 2020.","author":"T Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2680-2685","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29056","article-title":"COVID-19 Viral Load in the Severity of and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction.","volume":"130","author":"R Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.10.002","article-title":"COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France).","author":"N Kadiane-Oussou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109-119","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.252.109","article-title":"Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19: Importance of Measuring Blood Lymphocytes, Serum Electrolytes, and Olfactory and Taste Functions.","volume":"252","author":"H Nakanishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.10.003","article-title":"Dysosmia and dysgeusia in patients with COVID-19 in northern Taiwan.","author":"W Sheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102622","article-title":"Ear nose throat-related symptoms with a focus on loss of smell and\/or taste in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"41","author":"E Sakalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.17.2000556","article-title":"Early experience of an infectious and tropical diseases unit during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Florence, Italy, February to March 2020.","volume":"25","author":"F Lagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029-2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04525-z","article-title":"Early neurological manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.","volume":"41","author":"V Vacchiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102725","article-title":"Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study.","volume":"41","author":"M Amer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.11.09.20228106","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.09.20228106","article-title":"Epidemiological And Clinical Characteristics Of Covid-19 Patients In Kenya.","author":"L Ombajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.08.017","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a testing site in Berlin, Germany, March and April 2020\u2014a cross-sectional study.","author":"F Maechler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717-720","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001863","article-title":"Epistaxis as a marker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 status - A prospective study.","volume":"134","author":"M Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02241-w","article-title":"Evaluation of Olfactory Acuity in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).","author":"N Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J of Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667-2673","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28957","article-title":"Evolution of Olfactory Disorders in COVID-19 Patients.","volume":"130","author":"V Gorzkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436-439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","article-title":"Features of anosmia in COVID-19.","volume":"50","author":"T Klopfenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331-2338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04590-4","article-title":"Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.","volume":"41","author":"M Jalessi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51210","article-title":"Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients.","author":"E Liotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13967","article-title":"Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study.","author":"J Membrilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443-1451","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420966770","article-title":"Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia.","volume":"40","author":"P Rocha-Filho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01188-1","article-title":"Headache characteristics in COVID-19 pandemic-a survey study.","volume":"21","author":"O Uygun","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251-259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.05.028","article-title":"High mortality rate in cancer patients with symptoms of COVID-19 with or without detectable SARS-COV-2 on RT-PCR.","volume":"135","author":"S Assaad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.04.05.20048421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection.","author":"C Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631-2635","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S263632","article-title":"Loss of taste and smell are common clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in somalia: A retrospective double centre study.","volume":"13","author":"M Mohamud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.05.13.20101006","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa799","article-title":"Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19.","author":"P Dawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127-132","DOI":"10.1177\/0036933020949253","article-title":"Main symptoms in patients presenting in the COVID-19 period.","volume":"65","author":"A \u00c7alica Utku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scott. Med. J."},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683-90","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","article-title":"Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.","volume":"77","author":"L Mao","year":"2020 Jun","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494-500","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20200089","article-title":"Neurological consultations and diagnoses in a large, dedicated COVID-19 university hospital.","volume":"78","author":"A Studart-Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116969","article-title":"Neurological manifestations and COVID-19: Experiences from a tertiary care center at the Frontline.","author":"P Pinna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482-486","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_560_20","article-title":"Neurological symptoms as initial manifestation of Covid-19-An observational study.","volume":"23","author":"R Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347-52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.086","article-title":"Neurosensory dysfunction: A diagnostic marker of early COVID-19.","volume":"98","author":"Y Liang","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117-122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.012","article-title":"New loss of smell and taste: Uncommon symptoms in COVID-19 patients in Nord Franche-Comte cluster, France.","volume":"100","author":"T Klopfenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637-2640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06066-9","article-title":"New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects.","volume":"277","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236-1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.026","article-title":"New-onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"26","author":"A Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252-8","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26204","article-title":"Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: Single-center experience on 72 cases.","volume":"42","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020 Jun","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-6","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080627","article-title":"Objective olfactory findings in hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients.","volume":"9","author":"J Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01592-1","article-title":"Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical and molecular analysis.","author":"A Shemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775-2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases.","volume":"277","author":"F Altin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714-21","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820934376","article-title":"Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Identifier of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: An International Multicenter Study.","volume":"163","author":"C Qiu","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420963165","article-title":"Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions as a Clinical Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Malaysian Tertiary Center","author":"K Ramasamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251-61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study.","volume":"277","author":"J Lechien","year":"2020 2020\/08\/01","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06102-8","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life.","author":"S Meini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820939538","article-title":"Olfactory and Gustatory Outcomes in COVID-19: A Prospective Evaluation in Nonhospitalized Subjects.","author":"A Paderno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114-120","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820929185","article-title":"Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Symptomatology in COVID-19: Prevalence, Severity, Timing, and Associated Characteristics.","volume":"163","author":"M Speth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820943530","article-title":"Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Prognosis for Recovering Sense of Smell.","author":"L D\u2019Ascanio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1811999","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in patients after recovering from COVID-19.","author":"M Otte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02217-w","article-title":"Otolaryngologic Manifestation and Long-Term Outcome in Mild COVID-19: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in India.","author":"S Panda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06396-8","article-title":"Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection.","author":"M \u00d6z\u00e7elik Korkmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06319-7","article-title":"Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19.","author":"E Elibol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101791","article-title":"Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.","author":"J Lagier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279-285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.070","article-title":"Patterns of viral clearance in the natural course of asymptomatic COVID-19: Comparison with symptomatic non-severe COVID-19.","volume":"99","author":"J Uhm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923-925","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820934769","article-title":"Persistent Smell Loss Following Undetectable SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"163","author":"C Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6-11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semerg.2020.06.010","article-title":"Predictive factors of COVID-19 in patients with negative RT-qPCR.","volume":"46","author":"J L\u00f3pez de la Iglesia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semergen"},{"key":"ref202","article-title":"Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19.","author":"A Haehner","year":"2020","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.06.05.20123471","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.05.20123471","article-title":"Predictors of disease duration and symptom course of outpatients with acute covid-19: a retrospective cohort study.","author":"J O\u2019Keefe","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-13","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071841","article-title":"Presenting features and early mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.","volume":"12","author":"D Pinato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e174","article-title":"Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients.","volume":"35","author":"Y Lee","year":"2020 May 11","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686-693","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420930954","article-title":"Prevalence and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Covid-19 Infection: A Prospective Multicenter Study.","volume":"34","author":"E Chary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref208","first-page":"507-512","article-title":"Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan.","volume":"100","author":"H Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref209","first-page":"1127-1135","article-title":"Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.","volume":"10","author":"S Moein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02064-9","article-title":"Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar.","author":"R Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-65011\/v1","article-title":"Prevalence Of Anosmia And Dysgeusia In Patients Of COVID-19 In A Dedicated Covid Hospital.","author":"P Vivek Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04056-7","article-title":"Prevalence of hyposmia and hypogeusia in 390 COVID-19 hospitalized patients and outpatients: a cross-sectional study.","author":"A Nouchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484-487","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-01986-8","article-title":"Prevalence of New Onset Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Is The Trend Different Between European and Indian Population?","volume":"72","author":"P Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710-716","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001851","article-title":"Relationship between anosmia and hospitalisation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: An otolaryngological perspective.","volume":"134","author":"H Avcl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref215","first-page":"2020.07.30.20164327","article-title":"Self-rated smell ability enables highly specific predictors of COVID-19 status: a case control study in Israel.","author":"N Karni","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595-602","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2020.420","article-title":"Self-reported anosmia and dysgeusia as key symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"22","author":"D Lee","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Cjem"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821-31","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22592","article-title":"Self-reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID-19.","volume":"10","author":"C Yan","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.06.12.20128298","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.12.20128298","article-title":"Self-reported taste and smell disorders in patients with COVID-19: distinct features in China.","author":"J Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199-203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.007","article-title":"Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Children and Young Adults in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Region.","volume":"223","author":"R DeBiasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref220","article-title":"Short-term follow-up of self-isolated covid-19 patients with smell and taste dysfunction in Greece: Two phenotypes of recovery.","author":"I Konstantinidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241258","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241258","article-title":"Silent disease and loss of taste and smell are common manifestations of SARS-COV-2 infection in a quarantine facility: Saudi Arabia.","volume":"15","author":"A Alshami","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955-962","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22610","article-title":"Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.","volume":"10","author":"A Paderno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref223","first-page":"1591-1596","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders during COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-sectional study on 355 patients.","volume":"42","author":"V Dell\u2019Era","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2020.07.006","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19.","author":"J Bar\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346-357","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0595","article-title":"Smell and taste dysfunction in covid-19 is associated with younger age in ambulatory settings: A multicenter cross-sectional study.","volume":"30","author":"A Izquierdo-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703-709","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001826","article-title":"Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A 60-day objective and prospective study.","volume":"134","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117107","article-title":"Smell dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: More than a yes-no question.","author":"M Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Sci."},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944-950","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587","article-title":"Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19.","volume":"10","author":"S Moein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481-483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.023","article-title":"Smell loss is a prognostic factor for lower severity of coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"125","author":"K Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102612","article-title":"Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"41","author":"F Freni","year":"2020 Sep-Oct","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06284-1","article-title":"Symptomatology of COVID-19 from the otorhinolaryngology perspective: a survey of 223 SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive patients.","author":"E Salepci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2774-81","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00447","article-title":"Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6.","volume":"11","author":"A Cazzolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02210-3","article-title":"Testing Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions among Quarantine COVID-19 Suspects.","author":"V Bidkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref234","first-page":"632-638","article-title":"The close relationship between sudden loss of smell and COVID-19.","volume":"86","author":"L Joffily","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727-1737","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14407","article-title":"The international European Academy of Neurology survey on neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 infection.","volume":"27","author":"E Moro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102721","article-title":"Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"41","author":"P Fantozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.02.22.20026500","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","article-title":"Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study.","author":"L Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.05.03.20088526","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26279","article-title":"Objective Olfactory Evaluation of Self-reported Olfactory Dysfunction in a Case Series of 86 COVID-19 Patients.","author":"P Cabaraux","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318-2321","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14440","article-title":"Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.","volume":"27","author":"C Chiesa-Estomba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117163","article-title":"Anosmia is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in COVID-19.","author":"B Talavera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-020-00641-5","article-title":"A Literature Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Symptoms Prevalence in Covid-19: the Relevance of Olfactory Symptoms in Infection Not Requiring Hospitalization.","volume":"22","author":"A Giorli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"ref242","article-title":"Statement from the UK Chief Medical Officers on an update to coronavirus symptoms: 18 May 2020.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref243","article-title":"Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132-4","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820922992","article-title":"COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool: Initial Findings.","volume":"163","author":"R Kaye","year":"2020 2020\/07\/01","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272-7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000249922.37381.1e","article-title":"Identification of Viruses in Patients With Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction.","volume":"117","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2007 2007\/02\/01","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00775","article-title":"Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.","volume":"13","author":"Y Kondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508-511","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13475","article-title":"COVID-19 complicated by parainfluenza co-infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","volume":"105","author":"P Langerbeins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481-488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.016","article-title":"Clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza: a comparative study on Nord Franche-Comte cluster.","volume":"22","author":"S Zayet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037-47","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00589-2","article-title":"Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19.","volume":"2","author":"M Alshebri","year":"2020 2020\/11\/01","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"ref250","first-page":"26-8","article-title":"Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of A case.","volume":"15","author":"C Hwang","year":"2006 Mar","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Taiwan."},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944-61","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.15.20132134","article-title":"Prevalence of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Reveals Significant Ethnic Differences.","volume":"11","author":"C von Bartheld","year":"2020 2020\/10\/07","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0421-3","article-title":"Gustatory dysfunction after mandibular zoster.","volume":"32","author":"F Heymans","year":"2011 2011\/06\/01","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287-93","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)00049-o","article-title":"Taste and smell losses in HIV infected patients.","volume":"58","author":"C Graham","year":"1995 1995\/08\/01\/","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01442-3","article-title":"Contribution of anosmia and dysgeusia for diagnostic of COVID-19 in outpatients.","author":"S Zayet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073858420956905","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420956905","article-title":"Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection.","author":"R Butowt","year":"2020 Sep 11","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775-81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases.","volume":"277","author":"F Altin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559-64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.06.003","article-title":"ENT manifestation in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"47","author":"M El-Anwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref258","article-title":"Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19-A systematic review.","author":"P Govindarajalu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3-11","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926473","article-title":"The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"163","author":"J Tong","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156-61","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820929278","article-title":"Aggregate Prevalence of Chemosensory and Sinonasal Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 and Related Coronaviruses.","volume":"163","author":"B Lehrich","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965-70","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00093001","article-title":"The effects of coronavirus on human nasal ciliated respiratory epithelium.","volume":"18","author":"M Chilvers","year":"2001 Dec","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00182","article-title":"A lifetime of neurogenesis in the olfactory system.","volume":"8","author":"J Brann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271-80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555-62","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00210","article-title":"Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in Cells of the Olfactory Epithelium: Identification of Cell Types and Trends with Age.","volume":"11","author":"K Bilinska","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"ref265","first-page":"2020.03.25.009084","article-title":"Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients.","author":"D Brann","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579-86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.06.032","article-title":"Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters.","volume":"89","author":"B Bryche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 receptor and entry genes are expressed by sustentacular cells in the human olfactory neuroepithelium.","author":"L Fodoulian","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33-49","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10047","article-title":"Neural regeneration and the peripheral olfactory system.","volume":"269","author":"J Schwob","year":"2002 Feb 15","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264-75","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2.","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008 Aug","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.06.14.20131128","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.14.20131128","article-title":"Innate immune signaling in the olfactory epithelium reduces odorant receptor levels: modeling transient smell loss in COVID-19 patients.","author":"S Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909-13","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00249","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Olfactory Mucosa Result in COVID-19 Induced Anosmia.","volume":"11","author":"A Torabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728-34","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.3392","article-title":"Interleukin 6 in hyposmia.","volume":"139","author":"R Henkin","year":"2013 Jul","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345-57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2376-9","article-title":"Odor\/taste integration and the perception of flavor.","volume":"166","author":"D Small","year":"2005 Oct","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103-4","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22593","article-title":"Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"10","author":"L Vaira","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889-90","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330","article-title":"Self-reported Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study.","volume":"71","author":"A Giacomelli","year":"2020 Jul 28","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.06.016","article-title":"Dysgeusia in COVID-19: Possible Mechanisms and Implications.","volume":"130","author":"F Lozada-Nur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65-70","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520120111","article-title":"Zinc deficiency and taste dysfunction; contribution of carbonic anhydrase, a zinc-metalloenzyme, to normal taste sensation.","volume":"12","author":"M Komai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.014","article-title":"COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency.","volume":"100","author":"D Jothimani","year":"2020 2020\/11\/01\/","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref279","first-page":"123-6","article-title":"Preventive effects of zinc sulfate on taste alterations in patients under irradiation for head and neck cancers: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"18","author":"N Najafizade","year":"2013 Feb","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938-45","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19980515)82:10&1938::aid-cncr18&3.0.co;2-u.","article-title":"A randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on cancer patients with taste alterations caused by head and neck irradiation.","volume":"82","author":"C Ripamonti","year":"1998 May 15","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02347","article-title":"Zinc Chelation Specifically Inhibits Early Stages of Dengue Virus Replication by Activation of NF-\u03baB and Induction of Antiviral Response in Epithelial Cells.","volume":"10","author":"M Kar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217-22","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6773com","article-title":"Zinc chelation inhibits HIV Vif activity and liberates antiviral function of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G.","volume":"21","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2007 Jan","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"ref283","first-page":"121-7","article-title":"The influence of hypotensive drugs on the taste sensitivity in patients with primary hypertension.","volume":"69","author":"J Suliburska","year":"2012 Jan-Feb","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319-23","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270005280445","article-title":"Comparative study of taste disturbance by losartan and perindopril in healthy volunteers.","volume":"45","author":"S Tsuruoka","year":"2005 Nov","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344-7","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8808","article-title":"Anosmia and ageusia associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) - what is known?","volume":"20","author":"I Tanasa","year":"2020 2020\/09\/01","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173-82","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315876","article-title":"Comparative lectin histochemistry on taste buds in foliate, circumvallate and fungiform papillae of the rabbit tongue.","volume":"98","author":"M Witt","year":"1992 Oct","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102280","article-title":"Reduced Salivary Mucin Binding and Glycosylation in Older Adults Influences Taste in an in vitro Cell Model.","volume":"11","author":"R Pushpass","year":"2019 Sep 24","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref288","first-page":"2020.03.24.006197","article-title":"In-Silico evidence for two receptors based strategy of SARS-CoV-2.","author":"E Milanetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0334-7","article-title":"Structures of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein in complex with sialoside attachment receptors.","volume":"26","author":"Y Park","year":"2019 2019\/12\/01","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","article-title":"High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa.","volume":"12","author":"H Xu","year":"2020 2020\/02\/24","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596-603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04480.x","article-title":"Inflammation and taste disorders: mechanisms in taste buds.","volume":"1170","author":"H Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4025-30","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02292-10","article-title":"Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques.","volume":"85","author":"L Liu","year":"2011 Apr","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520918518","article-title":"Salivary Glands: Potential Reservoirs for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection.","volume":"99","author":"J Xu","year":"2020 2020\/07\/01","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.13323080.v1","article-title":"Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence, effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms - A systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"H Harapan","year":"2020","journal-title":"figshare"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T05:08:08Z","timestamp":1660021688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"references-count":292,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.28393.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r77883","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80213","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80214","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r77883","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80213","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80214","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r77883, Cissy B. Kartasasmita, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 16 Feb 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1#referee-response-77883","order":0,"name":"referee-response-77883","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80214, Seyi Samson Enitan, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria, 22 Mar 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1#referee-response-80214","order":1,"name":"referee-response-80214","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.31412.r80213, Mahir Gachabayov, Department of Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA, 23 Mar 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-40\/v1#referee-response-80213","order":2,"name":"referee-response-80213","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}