{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:47Z","timestamp":1772168987574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414972800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/ns4:italic>\n                    is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and a considerable health problem in the 25 countries of the \u2018African Meningitis Belt\u2019 that extends from Senegal in West Africa to Ethiopia in the East. Approximately 80% of cases of meningococcal meningitis in Africa have been caused by strains belonging to capsular serogroup A. After the introduction of a serogroup A conjugate polysaccharide vaccine, MenAfriVac\n                    <ns4:sup>\u2122<\/ns4:sup>\n                    , that began in December 2010, the incidence of meningitis due to serogroup A has markedly declined in this region. Currently, serogroup W of\n                    <ns4:italic>N. meningitidis<\/ns4:italic>\n                    accounts for the majority of cases. Vaccines based on sub-capsular antigens, such as Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), are under investigation for use in Africa. To analyse the antigenic properties of a serogroup W wave of colonisation and disease, we investigated the molecular diversity of the protein vaccine antigens PorA, Neisserial Adhesin A (NadA), Neisserial heparin-binding antigen (NHBA) and factor H binding protein (fHbp) of 31 invasive and carriage serogroup W isolates collected as part of a longitudinal study from Ghana and Burkina Faso between 2003 and 2009. We found that the isolates all expressed fHbp variant 2 ID 22 or 23, differing from each other by only one amino acid, and a single PorA subtype of P1.5,2. Of the isolates, 49% had a functional\n                    <ns4:italic>nhbA<\/ns4:italic>\n                    gene and 100% had the\n                    <ns4:italic>nadA<\/ns4:italic>\n                    allele 3, which contained the insertion sequence\n                    <ns4:italic>IS1301<\/ns4:italic>\n                    in five isolates. Of the W isolates tested, 41% had high fHbp expression when compared with a reference serogroup B strain, known to be a high expresser of fHbp variant 2. Our results indicate that in this collection of serogroup W isolates, there is limited antigenic diversification over time of vaccine candidate outer membrane proteins (OMP), thus making them promising candidates for inclusion in a protein-based vaccine against meningococcal meningitis for Africa.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.3881.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T10:45:02Z","timestamp":1415011502000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of vaccine antigens of meningococcal serogroup W isolates from Ghana and Burkina Faso from 2003 to 2009"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Ispasanie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Pluschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calman","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Koeberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A3-A7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.032","article-title":"Meningitis 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Seib, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia, 07 Apr 2015, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/3-264\/v1#referee-response-8120","order":1,"name":"referee-response-8120","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by an EU FP7 Marie Curie Actions Industry Academia Partnerships and Pathways (IAPP) Consortium Programme, entitled GENDRIVAX (Genome-driven vaccine development for bacterial infections).","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}