{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:46:44Z","timestamp":1767174404563,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.51785.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.51785.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    :\u00a0Hypertension, as the comorbidity\u00a0accompanying COVID-19,\u00a0is related to\u00a0angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE-2R)\u00a0and endothelial dysregulation which\u00a0have\u00a0an important role in blood pressure regulation.\u00a0Other anti-hypertensive agents\u00a0are believed to\u00a0trigger the hyperinflammation process.\u00a0We aimed to figure out the\u00a0association\u00a0between\u00a0the use of\u00a0anti-hypertensive\u00a0drugs and the disease progression\u00a0of\u00a0COVID-19\u00a0patients.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold>\n                    :\u00a0This study is an observational cohort\u00a0study\u00a0among\u00a0COVID-19\u00a0adult patients from moderate to critically ill\u00a0admitted to Universitas Airlangga Hospital\u00a0(UAH)\u00a0Surabaya with history of hypertension and receiving anti-hypertensive drugs.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results<\/ns4:bold>\n                    :\u00a0Patients\u00a0receiving\u00a0beta blockers\u00a0only had\u00a0a\u00a0longer length of stay than\u00a0angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)\u00a0and\u00a0angiotensin\u00a0receptor\u00a0blockers\u00a0(ACEI\/ARB)\u00a0or\u00a0calcium channel blockers\u00a0alone (17, 13.36, and 13.73 respectively),\u00a0had the higher rate of\u00a0intensive care unit (ICU)\u00a0admission\u00a0than\u00a0ACEi\/ARB\u00a0(p 0.04), and had the highest mortality rate (54.55%). There were no significant differences in length of stay, ICU admission, mortality rate, and days of death\u00a0among the single, double, and triple anti-hypertensive\u00a0groups. The mortality rate in groups taking\u00a0ACEi\/ARB was lower\u00a0than other\u00a0combination.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions<\/ns4:bold>\n                    :\u00a0Hypertension\u00a0can\u00a0increase the severity of COVID-19.\u00a0The use of\u00a0ACEI\/ARBs\u00a0in\u00a0ACE-2 receptor regulation\u00a0which is thought to aggravate the condition of\u00a0COVID-19\u00a0patients has not yet been proven.\u00a0This is consistent with findings in other anti-hypertensive groups.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.51785.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T11:15:12Z","timestamp":1689938112000},"page":"393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between anti-hypertensive drugs and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surabaya: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satriyo Dwi","family":"Suryantoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mochammad","family":"Thaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-822X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutiara Rizky","family":"Hayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mochammad","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Budi Susetyo","family":"Pikir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5603-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendri","family":"Susilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233-238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02268.x","article-title":"Increased C-reactive protein in ACE-inhibitor-induced angioedema.","volume":"59","author":"M 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.77693.r95400, Dhite Bayu Nugroho, Mawaddah Ar Rochmah, Facuty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 04 Oct 2021, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-393\/v2#referee-response-95400","order":0,"name":"referee-response-95400","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.77693.r95399, Bertram Pitt, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 15 Nov 2021, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-393\/v2#referee-response-95399","order":1,"name":"referee-response-95399","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this 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