{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:19Z","timestamp":1772168959497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017022","name":"Ministry of Research and Technology; Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0Incidents\u00a0of SARS-CoV-2 in\u00a0East Java\u00a0increased steadily, and it\u00a0became the second epicenter in Indonesia.\u00a0The\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic caused a dire multisectoral crisis all around the world.\u00a0This\u00a0study\u00a0investigates and characterizes\u00a0local isolates from East Java,\u00a0Indonesia.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0There were\u00a054\u00a0patients suspected with SARS-COV-2 infection\u00a0and\u00a027 patients were COVID-19 positive.\u00a0Virus isolates\u00a0were\u00a0obtained from\u00a0COVID-19 inpatients\u2019\u00a0nasopharyngeal swabs\u00a0at the\u00a0Dr\u00a0Soetomo\u00a0Teaching Hospital, Surabaya.\u00a0There were only three\u00a0isolates\u00a0(#6, #11, #35) with\u00a0good\u00a0growth characteristics.\u00a0Serial blind passage and cytopathic effect observation in\u00a0the\u00a0Vero\u00a0E6 cell line were\u00a0performed for virus isolation. Confirmation of\u00a0the SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions using SARS-CoV-2 specific primers, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy examination. Whole genome sequencing was performed using ARTIC protocol. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 characterization was\u00a0identified\u00a0through\u00a0a\u00a0western blot using rabbit serum immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and\u00a0human natural COVID-19 infection serum.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0Spike gene analysis of three\u00a0samples (#6, #11, #35)\u00a0found that\u00a0the\u00a0D614G mutation\u00a0was\u00a0detected in\u00a0all\u00a0isolates, although one isolate exhibited the\u00a0D215Y and E484D mutation. Based on whole genome analysis,\u00a0those three isolates were included in clade 20A, and two isolates were included in lineage B.1.6 with one isolate belongs to lineage B.1.4.7.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0Based on\u00a0molecular characterization\u00a0and immunogenicity\u00a0of SARS-CoV-2 East Java, Indonesia\u00a0showed high\u00a0titer and it has mutation in some regions.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.53137.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T10:35:09Z","timestamp":1623839709000},"page":"480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 East Java\u00a0isolate, 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}