{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:48:28Z","timestamp":1780930108646,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The research was supported by Directorate of Research and Community Service. Directorate General of Research and Development Strengthening Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education,","award":["149 \/ SP2H \/ LT \/ DPRM \/ 2018 August 21 2018."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["149 \/ SP2H \/ LT \/ DPRM \/ 2018 August 21 2018."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background In Indonesia, malaria incidence is at a high rate despite maximum preventive efforts. Therefore, this study aims to determine the possibility of a\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    reservoir among domestic animals in malaria-endemic areas. Methods Animal blood was collected using EDTA tubes, then smeared and stained with Giemsa for\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    microscopic identification. About 10 \u03bcl of blood was dropped on to a filter paper to capture\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    DNA. Nested PCR was used for parasite molecular detection, while\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    species were identified using the sequenced DNA. Results A total of 208 and 62 animal blood samples were collected from Gaura village, West Sumba and Fakfak village, West Papua, Indonesia respectively. In total, 32 samples from Gaura contained\n                    <ns3:italic>P. falciparum<\/ns3:italic>\n                    or\n                    <ns3:italic>P. vivax<\/ns3:italic>\n                    , while the\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    percentage in buffalo, horse, goat, and dogs were 20.7%, 14.3%, 5.8%, 16.7%, respectively.\n                    <ns3:italic>P. knowlesi<\/ns3:italic>\n                    was not found in any of the samples, and no other species were detected in 18 pig blood samples. Conclusion The human\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium<\/ns3:italic>\n                    DNA in domestic animals within malaria-endemic regions suggests a potential link to the persistence and high prevalence of malaria in these areas. While the findings suggest a potential role of domestic animals in malaria transmission, they remain preliminary and do not definitively establish domestic animals as reservoirs. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to better understand the contribution of domestic animals to the transmission dynamics of malaria.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1733809272000},"page":"645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preliminary Evidence of Human Plasmodium in Domestic Animals from a Malaria-Endemic Region in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munirah","family":"Munirah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sitti","family":"Wahyuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isra","family":"Wahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdaus","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuae019","article-title":"Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens.","volume":"48","author":"M Barber","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010041","article-title":"Host specificity of bacterial pathogens.","volume":"3","author":"A B\u00e4umler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"45-47","article-title":"Plasmodium cephalophi sp.","volume":"87","author":"D Bruce","year":"1913","journal-title":"Nov Proc R Soc B."},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"203-208","article-title":"Trypanosomes and other parasites of animals in Nyasaland.","volume":"16","author":"D Bruce","year":"1915","journal-title":"Reports Sleep Sick Comm R Soc."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-9","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-5","article-title":"History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors.","volume":"3","author":"F Cox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2693-2","article-title":"Defining the ecological and evolutionary drivers of Plasmodium knowlesi transmission within a multi-scale framework.","volume":"18","author":"G Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006801","article-title":"Reinvestigating the status of malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) in Indian non-human primates.","volume":"12","author":"J Dixit","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0822-0","article-title":"A systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for malaria control.","volume":"14","author":"B Donnelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10561-10566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005435107","article-title":"African apes as reservoirs of Plasmodium falciparum and the origin and diversification of the Laverania subgenus.","volume":"107","author":"L Duval","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005520","article-title":"Chimpanzee malaria parasites related to Plasmodium ovale in Africa.","volume":"4","author":"L Duval","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0355","article-title":"Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention.","volume":"44","author":"J Ellwanger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184504","article-title":"Chronic Plasmodium brasilianum infections in wild Peruvian tamarins.","volume":"12","author":"G Erkenswick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101699","article-title":"Controlling malaria using livestock-based interventions: a one health approach.","volume":"9","author":"A Franco","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1-8","article-title":"Two new malaria parasites of the Malayan mousedeer.","volume":"41","author":"P Garnham","year":"1962","journal-title":"Riv Malariol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395-402","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0003","article-title":"Malaria parasite of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its relation with known species of Plasmodium in other ungulates.","volume":"206","author":"P Garnham","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot095182","article-title":"Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).","volume":"2","author":"M Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-89","article-title":"The use of fluorescence enhancement to improve the microscopic diagnosis of falciparum malaria.","volume":"6","author":"R Guy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Malari J."},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"60-61","article-title":"BioEdit: an important software for molecular biology.","volume":"2","author":"T Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"GERF Bull Biosci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2447-6","article-title":"Does livestock protect from malaria or facilitate malaria prevalence? A cross - sectional study in endemic rural areas of Indonesia.","volume":"17","author":"H Hasyim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211-2213","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040293","article-title":"Naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, Thailand.","volume":"10","author":"S Jongwutiwes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24048-025","article-title":"Genetic homogeneity of goat malaria parasites in Asia and Africa suggests their expansion with domestic goat host.","volume":"8","author":"M Kaewthamasorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"8","article-title":"Infodatin malaria.","author":"R Kemenkes","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3907.1020","article-title":"Monkey malaria.","volume":"3907","author":"R Knowlesi","year":"1935","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000765","article-title":"On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.","volume":"6","author":"S Krief","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570-586","DOI":"10.1086\/283647","article-title":"Hosts as islands.","volume":"116","author":"A Kuris","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Nat."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002015","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi: Reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in humans and macaques.","volume":"7","author":"K Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420-425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09442","article-title":"Origin of the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas.","volume":"23","author":"W Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4346","article-title":"African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.","volume":"5","author":"W Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147-171","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384890-1.00006-6","author":"A Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coevolution of Host and Pathogen."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686-1693","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi160","article-title":"Host switch leads to emergence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in humans.","volume":"22","author":"J Mu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.14703012.v3","article-title":"The discovery of human Plasmodium among domestic animals in West Sumba and Fakfak, Indonesia.","author":"M Munirah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Figshare."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814-816","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.070863","article-title":"Naturally acquired human Plasmodium knowlesi infection, Singapore.","volume":"14","author":"O Ng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572-582","DOI":"10.19087\/jveteriner.2019.20.4.572","article-title":"Prevalensi dan faktor risiko infeksi parasit saluran pencernaan pada kerbau lumpur di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah.","volume":"20","author":"N Nurhidayah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veteriner J."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039010","article-title":"Adapting to the shifting landscape: Implications of climate change for malaria control: A review.","volume":"103","author":"E Obeagu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214-1219","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1214-1219.2004","article-title":"Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for detection of Plasmodium for routine clinical diagnosis.","volume":"42","author":"F Perandin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772-782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.06.001","article-title":"Modern menagerie of mammalian malaria.","volume":"32","author":"S Perkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176-187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.01.005","article-title":"Periodic Parasites and Daily Host Rhythms.","volume":"27","author":"K Prior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8123-8128","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306004110","article-title":"Diversity, host switching and evolution of Plasmodium vivax infecting African great apes.","volume":"110","author":"F Prugnolle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Malaria case reports. 2018 and 2019."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42-51","DOI":"10.22435\/jhecds.v2i2.5708.42-51","article-title":"Kontribusi pekerja hutan terhadap kejadian malaria di Desa Temunih Kecamatan Kusan Hulu Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.","volume":"2","author":"N Rahayu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Epidemiol Commun Dis."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223-226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(19)80026-7","article-title":"Malaria parasite in the blood of a buffalo.","volume":"32","author":"A Sheather","year":"1919","journal-title":"J Comp Path Ther."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234191","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1234191","article-title":"The tug of war between parasites survival and host immunity.","volume":"14","author":"R Shivahare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165-184","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-12","article-title":"Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"26","author":"B Singh","year":"2013 Apr","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315-320","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90077-b","article-title":"High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"61","author":"G Snounou","year":"1993a","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283-292","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90050-8","article-title":"Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by the polymerase chain reaction and detection of a high prevalence of mixed infections.","volume":"58","author":"G Snounou","year":"1993b","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501-1508","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001141","article-title":"The rediscovery of malaria parasites of ungulates.","volume":"143","author":"T Templeton","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-8","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23230","article-title":"Ungulate malaria parasites.","volume":"6","author":"T Templeton","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-114","article-title":"Host feeding patterns and preference of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western Thailand: baseline site description.","volume":"5","author":"R Tisgratog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251-262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01378.x","article-title":"Behavioural heterogeneity of Anopheles species in ecologically different localities in Southeast Asia: a challenge for vector control.","volume":"10","author":"H Trung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817-820","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181668","article-title":"Anopheles sundaicus Mosquitoes as Vector for Plasmodium knowlesi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.","volume":"25","author":"P Vidhya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"97-104","article-title":"Un nouveau Plasmodium d\u2019un rongeur sauvage du Congo, Plasmodium berghei n.sp.","volume":"28","author":"I Vincke","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belge M\u00e9d Trop."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-022-01782-8","article-title":"Coevolutionary dynamics of host-pathogen interaction with density-dependent mortality.","volume":"85","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Math Biol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1494-0","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia.","volume":"15","author":"X Zhang","year":"2016 Sep","journal-title":"Malar J."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:45:21Z","timestamp":1736405121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.53946.4","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.3","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.53946.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175481.r351295","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175481.r351295","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.57382.r101607, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, 06 Jan 2022, version 1, 2 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v1#referee-response-101607","order":0,"name":"referee-response-101607","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Sitti Wahyuni<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 06 Feb 2023<\/i>; Thank you for the suggestions and corrections. The corrections and suggestions were compiled and a revised version of the document is written. We believe that the method used has followed the malaria detection standards. The used methods have provided sufficient positive evidence so far. As for suggestions for validating our findings in several ways such as amplifying and sequencing cytochrome B, and sequencing an invasion ligand (such as the DBL proteins: EBA 175 for \n<i>P. falciparum<\/i> and DBA for \n<i>P. vivax<\/i>), we have included all in the discussion for further research because the method requires research funds which, for us, is quite a lot. Therefore, we are open to collaborate with other researchers from anywhere to work with us. We really appreciate the time spent by the reviewer to provide helpful comments and corrections.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4#referee-comment-9306","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-9306","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.164578.r264595, Jaishree Raman, UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, WRIM,, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 14 May 2024, version 3, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v3#referee-response-264595","order":2,"name":"referee-response-264595","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Sitti Wahyuni<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 18 May 2024<\/i>; Thank you for taking the time to review our revised article. We appreciate your constructive feedback and are pleased that we were able to address your concerns to your satisfaction. We look forward to the acceptance of our article.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4#referee-comment-11584","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-11584","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.164578.r337062, Paul Cliff Simon Divis, Malaria Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, 22 Nov 2024, version 3, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v3#referee-response-337062","order":4,"name":"referee-response-337062","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Sitti Wahyuni<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 30 Nov 2024<\/i>; We sincerely appreciate your insightful feedback regarding the need for stronger empirical support for our hypothesis. In response to your suggestion, we have revised the section discussing host-switching and included additional evidence that explores similar host shifts observed in other parasite species, as well as the potential evolutionary constraints that may apply to Plasmodium species. Furthermore, we have incorporated recent studies on parasite-host coevolution, which we believe will provide greater depth to our argument.  We also wish to thank you for your careful attention to the details of the qPCR methodology. To clarify, in this study, we utilized a SYBR Green-based qPCR approach, which is widely recognized for its sensitivity and cost-effectiveness in detection. We have now provided a more detailed description of the methodology in the revised manuscript, including the specific validation steps we undertook to ensure the accuracy of our results.  As per your request, we have also revised the title and conclusion of the manuscript. While the primers were initially tested using Apicomplexan parasites from primate hosts, subsequent BLAST analysis suggested that the target sequences were highly conserved across various host species. Additionally, we employed the rPF1-rPF2 primers for P. falciparum and rPV1-rPV2 primers for P. vivax to amplify DNA fragments of 918 bp and 714 bp, respectively. These larger amplicons offer additional confidence in the assay's specificity. The results obtained from these primers can be accessed via the following link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.14703012.v3.  While we were unable to perform sequencing of the PCR products with the rPF1-rPF2 and rPV1-rPV2 primers due to budgetary constraints, the PCR bands observed were consistent with the expected base pair lengths for P. falciparum and P. vivax.  We greatly appreciate your constructive comments and believe these revisions have strengthened the manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4#referee-comment-12900","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-12900","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.175481.r351295, Didik Sumanto, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, 09 Jan 2025, version 4, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-645\/v4#referee-response-351295","order":6,"name":"referee-response-351295","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The research was supported by Directorate of Research and Community Service. Directorate General of Research and Development Strengthening Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, according to the Research Contract Number: 149 \/ SP2H \/ LT \/ DPRM \/ 2018 August 21, 2018. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":7,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}