{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:19:40Z","timestamp":1791667180489,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.54519.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.54519.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting bones.\n                    <ns3:bold>Objective:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    To investigate the long-term effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) combined with exercise protocol on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis.\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Ninety-five males with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 51.26 \u00b1 2.41 years; mean height, 176 \u00b1 2.02 cm; mean weight, 83.08 \u00b1 2.60 kg; mean body\u2013mass index (BMI), 26.08 \u00b1 1.09 kg\/m\n                    <ns3:sup>2<\/ns3:sup>\n                    ) participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 received a full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PEMF +EX), Group 2 received a placebo full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PPEMF +EX), and Group 3 received a full-body PEMF alone (PEMF). PEMF was applied for the whole body using a full-body mat three times per week for 12 weeks, with an exercise protocol that includes flexibility, aerobic exercise, strengthening, weight-bearing, and balance exercises followed by whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Outcome measures include BMD of total hip and lumbar spine and bone markers [serum osteocalcin (s-OC), Serum amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-NTX), Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX), Parathyroid hormones (PTH), Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D)].\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The\n                    <ns3:bold\/>\n                    BMD of total hip and lumbar spine was significantly increased post-treatment in all groups, and more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than Group 3. There was a significant difference in bone markers in all groups, more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3.\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    PEMF combined with exercise protocol exerts a potent role for treating OP, is more effective than exercise and PEMF alone for increasing BMD and enhancing bone formation, and suppresses bone-resorption markers after 12-weeks of treatment with the impact lasting up to 6 months.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.54519.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T06:50:11Z","timestamp":1638168611000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-term effect of full-body pulsed electromagnetic field and exercise protocol in the treatment of men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar","family":"Ebid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-boshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-1134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamekh","family":"El-Shamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Thabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abedalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233-240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00084-5","article-title":"Upregulation of basal TGFbeta1 levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis--implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering.","volume":"20","author":"R Aaron","year":"2002; 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\n<i>Posted: 16 Aug 2021<\/i>; Dear Prof. Hesham Mahran, Thank you very much for your review. The authors deeply appreciate the voluntary contribution of the review in the form of valuable comments that have helped us to improve our manuscript. Every effort has been made by the authors to revise the manuscript according to your comments.  In response to your comments, we have uploaded a newer version of this article. Kindly review these new versions as the revised version of this article. Thank you. Regards, Authors  \n<b>Introduction section: <\/b>  In the 3\n<sup>rd<\/sup> paragraph, the LASER abbreviation must be defined first. \n<b>Reply:<\/b> Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER), it was corrected in the introduction section.  \n<b>Methods section:<\/b>  - Randomization  As the study was a double-blind study, please clarify who was&nbsp;blind to study; therapist and assessor&nbsp;or assessor&nbsp;and patients? \n<b>Reply:<\/b> All were blind to the study (assessor, therapist and patients)  -Full-body pulsed electromagnetic field (FBPEMF) therapy  Which waveform was employed in the PEMF application? \n<b>Reply:<\/b> \u201cSawtooth waveforms\u201d In clinical applications sawtooth signal is one of the most famous pulsed magnetic field shapes, whose magnetic field changes rapidly. The rapid changes in signal strength can cause large current in the tissue.  -Exercise training protocol  Which type of exercise intensity was used in the study?  \n<b>Reply:<\/b> \u201cModerate intensity\u201d This according to the previous literature which recommend it for improving the BMD, muscle and bone strength and good tolerability by the patients  Please clarify the distribution of 60 minutes between different exercise types within each session!&nbsp; \n<b>Reply:<\/b> Five-minute warm-up, 40 minutes initial training exercises (flexibility, aerobic exercise, strengthening, weight-bearing, and balance exercises), 10 minutes WBV and finally 5-minutes as cool-down.   \n<b>Extended data:<\/b>  The link to the CONSORT Checklist is incorrect, check it. \n<b>Reply:<\/b> The correct one is: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.14916261","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-649\/v3#referee-comment-7036","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-7036","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.79642.r101430, Mohamed Taher Ahmed Omar, Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 01 Dec 2021, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-649\/v3#referee-response-101430","order":2,"name":"referee-response-101430","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was funded by grant number 15-MED5406-10 from the National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (MAARIFAH), the King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}