{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:10:28Z","timestamp":1772169028903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grantreference19545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grantreference19545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    An economic evaluation alongside the Hydroxychloroquine Effectiveness in Reducing symptoms of hand Osteoarthritis (HERO) trial was undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine compared with placebo for symptomatic treatment of hand osteoarthritis for patients with at least moderate hand pain and inadequate response to current therapies.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p\/>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    A trial-based cost\u2013utility analysis was undertaken from the perspective of the UK National Health Service and Personal Social Services over a 12-month time horizon, using evidence from 248 participants included in the HERO trial, conducted in England. Patient-level data were collected prospectively over a 12-month period, using participant-completed questionnaires and investigator forms, to collect healthcare utilisation, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EQ-5D-5L. The base-case analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis and used multiple imputation methods to deal with missing data. Results were presented in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (incremental cost per QALY) and net health benefit, with uncertainty surrounding the findings explored using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p\/>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The base-case analysis estimated slightly lower costs on average (\u2212\u00a311.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) \u2212\u00a315.60 to \u2212\u00a38.00) and marginally fewer QALYs (\u22120.0052; 95% CI \u22120.0057 to \u22120.0047) for participants in the hydroxychloroquine group versus placebo group at 12 months. The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of \u00a32,267 per QALY lost indicated that although costs were saved, health-related quality of life was lost. Even assuming symmetrical preferences regarding losses and gains for health benefits, the findings do not fall within the cost-effective region. Similar findings arose for analyses conducted from the societal perspective and using complete cases only.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p\/>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    This economic evaluation indicates that hydroxychloroquine is unlikely to provide a cost-effective pain relief option for improving health-related quality of life in adult patients with moderate-to-severe hand osteoarthritis.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.55296.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T10:23:37Z","timestamp":1629195817000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine versus placebo for hand osteoarthritis: economic evaluation of the HERO trial"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J","family":"Ronaldson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Keding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puvan","family":"Tharmanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0512-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Arundel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah R","family":"Kingsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip G","family":"Conaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051-60","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev231","article-title":"Annual consultation incidence of osteoarthritis estimated from population-based health care data in England.","volume":"54","author":"D Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493-8","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11071","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in England: Incidence Trends From National Health Service Hospital Episode Statistics.","volume":"1","author":"O 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.58858.r92218, Elizabeth A. Stokes, Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 21 Sep 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-821\/v1#referee-response-92218","order":0,"name":"referee-response-92218","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.58858.r100806, David Epstein, Department of Applied Economics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, 10 Dec 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-821\/v1#referee-response-100806","order":1,"name":"referee-response-100806","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The HERO trial was primarily funded by Versus Arthritis (formerly Arthritis Research UK; clinical studies grant reference 19545) and also via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or Versus Arthritis. The study was sponsored by the University of Leeds. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}