{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:10:34Z","timestamp":1772169034086,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.55398.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000}}],"reference-count":79,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports , Science and Technology Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:\u00a0<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Hikikomori is a Japanese social withdrawal phenomenon which, in recent years, is spreading in western developed countries as well. Spending a lot of time secluded indoors, watching and playing with fictional narratives may be relatively common\u00a0for Hikikomori people\u00a0and may represent a protective factor for their psychological well-being.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>\u00a0Method:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0We\u00a0evaluated\u00a0the role of enjoying fictional narratives on\u00a0empathy, relaxation, depression, and anxiety\u00a0in\u00a0people with\u00a0Hikikomori\u00a0experience,\u00a0in relation to their daily consumption of fictional narratives and their emotional transportation toward fictional narratives. Hikikomori from one psychiatric clinic and\u00a0three\u00a0different support facilities were enrolled in this study. Multidimensional empathy scale, CES-D, STAI questionnaire,\u00a0and\u00a0relaxation inventory self-report scale were used as outcome measures.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>\u00a0Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0We found a significant correlation between empathy and emotional transportation toward fictional narratives and between relaxation during watching and reading fictional narratives and consumption frequency of fictional\u00a0narratives.\u00a0\u00a0We\u00a0failed, however,\u00a0to find any significant correlation with depression and anxiety.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0These findings\u00a0suggest\u00a0a\u00a0possible\u00a0correlation\u00a0between fiction and\u00a0empathy\/relaxation response; however, any causal relationship is not proven, consequently we deem that further investigations with a larger sample size are required for a better understanding.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.55398.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:35:11Z","timestamp":1642754111000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Correlation between Enjoying Fictional Narratives and Empathy in Japanese Hikikomori"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7088-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasukazu","family":"Ogai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243-266","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2014.987400","article-title":"The Transportation Scale-Short Form (TS-SF).","volume":"18","author":"M Appel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"113-134","article-title":"Persuasive effects of fictional narratives increase over time.","volume":"10","author":"M Appel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614-623","DOI":"10.1086\/521907","article-title":"Fact or fiction: An investigation of empathy differences in response to emotional melodramatic entertainment.","volume":"34","author":"J Argo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Consum Res."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361-370","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025416","article-title":"The influence of fictional narrative experience on work outcomes: A conceptual analysis and research model.","volume":"15","author":"P Bal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055341","article-title":"How does fiction reading influence empathy? 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