{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:43:25Z","timestamp":1790095405502,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ that lends itself as a model for investigation of a variety of complex biological phenomena, including stem cell biology, organ regeneration and cloning.\u00a0<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>The arrector pili muscle inserts into the hair follicle at the level of the bulge- the epithelial stem cell niche.\u00a0 The arrector pili muscle has been previously thought to be merely a bystander and not to have an active role in hair disease.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Computer generated 3D reconstructions of the arrector pili muscle have helped explain why women with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) experience diffuse hair loss rather than the patterned baldness seen in men.\u00a0 Loss of attachment between the bulge stem cell population and the arrector pili muscle also explains why miniaturization is irreversible in AGA but not alopecia areata.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>A new model for the progression of AGA is presented.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6401.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T11:20:09Z","timestamp":1439983209000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Androgenetic alopecia: new insights into the pathogenesis and mechanism of hair loss"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Torkamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865-9","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7162.865","article-title":"Male pattern androgenetic alopecia.","volume":"317","author":"R Sinclair","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184-9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2005.10102.x","article-title":"Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in 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reduction in the number of terminal hairs per follicular unit.","volume":"159","author":"A Yazdabadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926-30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07409.x","article-title":"Follicular miniaturization in female pattern hair loss: clinicopathological correlations.","volume":"155","author":"A Messenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13873","article-title":"Hair Shedding In Women: How much is too much?","author":"R Sinclair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88-94","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.139077","article-title":"Beyond goosebumps: does the arrector pili muscle have a role in hair loss?","volume":"6","author":"N Torkamani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Trichology."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682-7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01505.x","article-title":"Single follicular unit transplantation reconstructs arrector pili muscle and nerve connections and restores functional hair follicle piloerection.","volume":"39","author":"A Sato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291-8","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12921","article-title":"Destruction of the arrector pili muscle and fat infiltration in androgenic alopecia.","volume":"170","author":"N Torkamani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154-7","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.100069","article-title":"Miniaturized Hairs Maintain Contact with the Arrector Pili Muscle in Alopecia Areata but not in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Model for Reversible Miniaturization and Potential for Hair Regrowth.","volume":"4","author":"A Yazdabadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Trichology."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235-48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00666.x","article-title":"Cellular and developmental aspects of androgenetic alopecia.","volume":"7","author":"C Jahoda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T09:51:05Z","timestamp":1553248265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.6401.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10013","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10008","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10015","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10014","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10015","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10014","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10013","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.6867.r10008","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee 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Jolliffe, Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK, 19 Aug 2015, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-585\/v1#referee-response-10015","order":3,"name":"referee-response-10015","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}