{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:14:12Z","timestamp":1791324852244,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the commonest subtype of autoimmune blistering disease in most countries of the world. It occurs most frequently in elderly patients and is characterised clinically by large, tense blisters in the skin preceded by urticarial plaques and pruritus. Immunopathologically, it is characterised by autoantibodies directed against the 180 kD antigen (BP180) and the 230 kD antigen (BP230). New knowledge regarding BP is being continually uncovered. This article reviews the recent advances in BP, including newer diagnostic tests, standardised outcome measures and emerging therapeutic options, as well as the evidence supporting their use.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6896.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T10:45:04Z","timestamp":1448016304000},"page":"1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Advances in understanding and managing bullous pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Cathy Y.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedee F.","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861-8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09300.x","article-title":"Incidence of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus in Switzerland: a 2-year prospective study.","volume":"161","author":"G Marazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a180","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris--incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study.","volume":"337","author":"S Langan","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424-7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06662.x","article-title":"Annual incidence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in the Grampian Region of North-east Scotland.","volume":"153","author":"V Gudi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434-40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06976.x","article-title":"Prospective analysis of the incidence of autoimmune bullous disorders in Lower Franconia, Germany.","volume":"7","author":"F Bertram","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231-5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.4.1231","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of the bullous pemphigoid antigens as detected by immunoblotting.","volume":"136","author":"R Labib","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3-16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.03.005","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: from the clinic to the bench.","volume":"30","author":"G Di Zenzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075-80","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.9.1075","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical criteria for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. 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