{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:46:18Z","timestamp":1782909978602,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.70655.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.70655.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000}}],"reference-count":44,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0Mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and their aggravation have been studied extensively in the general population. However, there are few studies on depression in older adults and the few existing results may be contradictory, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with depression in older adults in two coastal regions of Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    This study uses an analytical cross-sectional design in a population of older adults, who participated in a non-governmental ambulatory social support program in Callao and Ica, two coastal regions of Peru. We administered an on-site structured questionnaire to record sociodemographic data, the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage to measure depression, and the Barthel Index to assess physical function. In order to determine cognitive impairment as an exclusion criterion, the MEC-30 was used. The association between variables was assessed through contingency tables, using the odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) and the X2 test. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Out of the 244 older adults surveyed, 39% had depressive symptoms, of which 28.3% (n=69) and 10.7% (n=26) were moderately and severely depressive, respectively. The findings significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms were being 76 years old or older [p=0.005, OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.29-4.20], not participating in weekly recreational activities [p=0.004, OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31-3.99] and the presence of comorbidities [p=0.026, OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07-3.29].\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    There are few studies exploring depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic; this research shows the importance of mental health care in this population and, particularly, of those who are 76 or older because they suffer from comorbid conditions and have interrupted recreational activities.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.70655.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T10:50:18Z","timestamp":1646909418000},"page":"958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors related to depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in two coastal regions of Peru: An analytical cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8685-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena de Jes\u00fas","family":"Quispe S\u00e1enz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fernando","family":"Salvador-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6546-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriana","family":"Rivera-Lozada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar Antonio","family":"Bonilla-Asalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136-144","DOI":"10.1159\/000494025","article-title":"How to Measure Population Aging? the Answer Is Less than Obvious: A Review.","volume":"65","author":"V Skirbekk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252-261","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu176","article-title":"Increasing opportunities for the productive engagement of older adults: A response to population aging.","volume":"55","author":"E Gonzales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21243-x","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression in the Community from 30 Countries between 1994 and 2014.","volume":"8","author":"G Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Informe Mundial sobre el envejecimiento y la salud.","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61-66","DOI":"10.4102\/safp.v59i2.4536","article-title":"Depression in older adults: Prevalence and risk factors in a primary health care sample.","volume":"59","author":"U Padayachey","year":"2017","journal-title":"South African Fam Pract."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-15","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-9995.161376","article-title":"Depression in elderly: A review of Indian research.","volume":"2","author":"S Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geriatr Ment Heal."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329-335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2014.07.007","article-title":"Estado de salud en el adulto mayor en atenci\u00f3n primaria a partir de una valoraci\u00f3n geri\u00e1trica integral.","volume":"47","author":"R Cervantes Becerra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aten Primaria."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"26-31","article-title":"Trastornos depresivos en adultos mayores de once comunidades altoandinas del Per\u00fa, 2013-2017.","volume":"36","author":"S Saenz-Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Medica Peru."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"393-397","article-title":"Depression and associated factors in the Peruvian elderly population according to ENDES 2014-2015.","volume":"78","author":"M Martina","year":"2014","journal-title":"An Fac Med."},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Per\u00fa Resultados definitivos de los censos nacionales 2017-2018."},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"World Health Organization","year":"cited Jul 16th 2021","journal-title":"Covid-19 Explorer."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113462","article-title":"Pan\u00e9-Farr\u00e9.l. Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany.","volume":"293","author":"C Benke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-12","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686","article-title":"Prevalence of depression symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"3","author":"C Ettman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7136-z","article-title":"Prevalence of depression among the elderly (60 years and above) population in India, 1997-2016: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"19","author":"M Pilania","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2-15","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11050076","article-title":"Distress, depression, anxiety, and concerns and behaviors related to covid-19 during the first two months of the pandemic: A longitudinal study in adult mexicans.","volume":"11","author":"A Toledo-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249-256","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13219","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"142","author":"P Hyland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00054020","article-title":"Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain.","volume":"36","author":"N Ozamiz-Etxebarria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467-478","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872004000400009","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n de un test de tamizaje para el diagn\u00f3stico de demencia asociada a edad, en Chile.","volume":"132","author":"L Quiroga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"823-846","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n estructurada de las escalas de depresi\u00f3n en personas mayores.","volume":"7","author":"M Caba\u00f1ero-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Heal Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49-54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2008.06.007","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n de la Escala de Independencia Funcional.","volume":"23","author":"P Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00edn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gac Sanit."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"938-947","article-title":"Impacto de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n social por COVID-19 en la salud de personas adultas mayores: efectos f\u00edsicos y mentales y recomendaciones.","volume":"24","author":"F Ganz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040-1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.06.027","article-title":"Mental Health in Elderly Spanish People in Times of COVID-19 Outbreak.","volume":"28","author":"L Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-17","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8060108","article-title":"Depression among black youth; interaction of class and place.","volume":"8","author":"S Assari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429-1438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14381","article-title":"Association of Geographic Differences in Prevalence of Uncontrolled Chronic Conditions with Changes in Individuals\u2019 Likelihood of Uncontrolled Chronic Conditions.","volume":"324","author":"A Baum","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA - J Am Med Assoc."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224-2230","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa183","article-title":"Preexisting Comorbidities Predicting COVID-19 and Mortality in the UK Biobank Community Cohort.","volume":"75","author":"J Atkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol - Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30061-X","article-title":"COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly.","volume":"5","author":"R Armitage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Heal."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103740","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during covid-19.","volume":"17","author":"E Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504-511","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020927051","article-title":"Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender.","volume":"66","author":"S \u00d6zdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144924","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter.","volume":"17","author":"I Solomou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176366","article-title":"Covid-19 pandemic: Age-related differences in measures of stress, anxiety and depression in Canada.","author":"I Nwachukwu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559-565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.049","article-title":"A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak.","volume":"88","author":"N Chew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-13","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114065","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: Associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use in Australian adults.","volume":"17","author":"R Stanton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216-226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsm.2016.10.003","article-title":"Depresi\u00f3n y variables asociadas en personas mayores de 50 a\u00f1os en Espa\u00f1a.","volume":"11","author":"C Portellano-Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Barc.)."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993-998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.05.022","article-title":"Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in People Aged Over 60 in the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Sample Collected in Northern Spain.","volume":"28","author":"M Picaza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-16","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24457.1","article-title":"Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: A review.","volume":"9","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321-330","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892006000500005","article-title":"Relaci\u00f3n entre los factores que determinan los s\u00edntomas depresivos y los h\u00e1bitos alimentarios en adultos mayores de M\u00e9xico.","volume":"19","author":"J \u00c1vila-Funes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796019000180","article-title":"The excess costs of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"29","author":"H K\u00f6nig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247-254","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2016-1915","article-title":"Exercise for depression in older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials adjusting for publication bias.","volume":"38","author":"F Schuch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-25","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.","volume":"17","author":"W Cuiyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-12","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924609","article-title":"Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China.","volume":"26","author":"L Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.","volume":"288","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562-568","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.20000561","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and stress in response to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic.","volume":"88","author":"H P\u00e9rez-Cano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cir y Cir."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379-391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.043","article-title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.","volume":"277","author":"M Tee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affective Disorders."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5498990","article-title":"Factors related to depression in older adults during the COVID 19 pandemic in two coastal regions of Peru: An analytical cross-sectional study [Data set].","author":"O Lozada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zenodo."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1713874538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.70655.3","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.122069.r127030","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.122069.r127030","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.121057.r123028, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 10 Feb 2022, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v2#referee-response-123028","order":0,"name":"referee-response-123028","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.122069.r127030, Julio Torales, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo, 15 Mar 2022, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-958\/v3#referee-response-127030","order":1,"name":"referee-response-127030","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}