{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:51:42Z","timestamp":1790459502090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449705600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating demyelinating disease with significant morbidity and mortality and no effective, targeted therapies. It is most often observed in association with abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity, in particular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but also occurs in association with lymphoproliferative diseases, certain immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory regimens, and other conditions. The etiologic agent of PML is a small, ubiquitous polyomavirus, the JC virus (JCV, also known as JCPyV), for which at least 50% of the adult general population is seropositive. PML results when JCV replicates within cerebral oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, leading to oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. Unfortunately, no treatments have been convincingly demonstrated to be effective, though some have been employed in desperation; treatment otherwise includes attempts to restore any immune system defect, such as the withdrawal of the causative agent if possible, and general supportive care.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7071.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T11:05:29Z","timestamp":1449745529000},"page":"1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Progressive Multifocal 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.7611.r11444, Stephen Waxman, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, USA, 10 Dec 2015, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-1424\/v1#referee-response-11444","order":0,"name":"referee-response-11444","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.7611.r11443, Meena Subramanyam, Ellen Cahir-McFarland, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA, 10 Dec 2015, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/4-1424\/v1#referee-response-11443","order":1,"name":"referee-response-11443","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Joseph R. Berger has received grants from the PML Consortium and Biogen Idec. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}