{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:21:01Z","timestamp":1782991261967,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.73602.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000}}],"reference-count":87,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONCYTEC) Peru"},{"name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Hered\u00eda","award":["163-2016-UPCH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["163-2016-UPCH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Natural products with antibacterial potential have begun to be tested on biofilm models, bringing us closer to understanding the response generated by the complex microbial ecosystems of the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an\n                    <ns3:italic>in vitro<\/ns3:italic>\n                    biofilm of\n                    <ns3:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/ns3:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The experimental work involved a consecutive,\n                    <ns3:italic>in vitro<\/ns3:italic>\n                    , longitudinal, and double-blinded study design. Propolis samples were collected from 13 different regions of the Peruvian Andes. The disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The cytotoxic effect of propolis on human gingival fibroblasts was determined by cell viability method using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effect of propolis on the biofilm was evaluated by confocal microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The 0.78 mg\/mL and 1.563 mg\/mL concentrations of the methanolic fraction of the chloroform residue of Oxapampa propolis showed effects on biofilm thickness and the copy numbers of the\n                    <ns3:italic>srtA<\/ns3:italic>\n                    gene of\n                    <ns3:italic>S. gordonii<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and the\n                    <ns3:italic>radD<\/ns3:italic>\n                    gene of\n                    <ns3:italic>F. nucleatum<\/ns3:italic>\n                    at 48 and 120 hours, and chromatography (UV, \u03bb 280 nm) identified rhamnocitrin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, kaempferol, diosmetin, acacetin, glycerol, and chrysoeriol.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Of the 13 propolis evaluated, it was found that only the methanolic fraction of Oxapampa propolis showed antibacterial and antibiofilm effects without causing damage to human gingival fibroblasts. Likewise, when evaluating the chemical composition of this fraction, eight flavonoids were identified.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.73602.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1640253615000},"page":"1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro oral biofilm"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-0940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Alejandro","family":"Millones G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia Yileng","family":"Tay Chu Jon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora Jes\u00fas","family":"Maurtua Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyma Evelyn","family":"Bacilio Amaranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrit Elida","family":"Collantes D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Minch\u00f3n Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeson Santos","family":"Calla Choque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505-512","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v28i4.16","article-title":"Applications of propolis in dentistry: A review.","volume":"28","author":"A Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiop. 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