{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:25:34Z","timestamp":1783038334047,"version":"3.54.6"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74190.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000}}],"reference-count":76,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background: Syndemics or synergies of cooccurring epidemics are widely studied across health and social sciences in recent years.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>Methods: We conducted a meta-knowledge analysis of articles published between 2001 to 2020 in this growing field of academic scholarship.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>Results: We found a total of 830 articles authored by 3025 authors, mostly from high-income countries. Publications on syndemics are gradually increasing since 2003, with rapid development in 2013. Each article was cited more than 15 times on average, and most (n = 604) articles were original studies. Syndemics research focused on several areas, including HIV\/AIDS, substance abuse, mental health, gender minority stressors, racism, violence, chronic physical and mental disorders, food insecurity, social determinants of health, and coronavirus disease 2019. Moreover, biopsychosocial interactions between multiple health problems were studied across medical, anthropological, public health, and other disciplines of science.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>Conclusions: The limited yet rapidly evolving literature on syndemics informs transdisciplinary interests to understand complex coexisting health challenges in the context of systematic exclusion and structural violence in vulnerable populations. The findings also suggest applications of syndemic theory to evaluate clinical and public health problems, examine the socioecological dynamics of factors influencing health and wellbeing, and use the insights to alleviate health inequities in the intersections of synergistic epidemics and persistent contextual challenges for population health.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74190.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T11:11:28Z","timestamp":1675336288000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Global research on syndemics: a meta-knowledge analysis (2001-2020)"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Md Mahbub","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Khulna EviSyn Health"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobonita","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science Dhaka University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmina Tasnim","family":"Rodela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Tangail Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"},{"name":"Khulna EviSyn Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasmiah","family":"Nuzhath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"},{"name":"Khulna EviSyn Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamal Joyti","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khulna Institute of Information and Communication Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Burdine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helal Uddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka National Institute of Mental Health and Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Lisako J.","family":"McKyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banga Kamal","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khulna Gazi Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences College Stataion Texas 77840 Texas A&M Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149-S155","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300062","article-title":"Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice.","volume":"101","author":"P Braveman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115-132","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000130","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities: Old issues, New Directions1.","volume":"8","author":"G Gee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Du Bois Rev Soc Sci Res Race."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"263-273","article-title":"Health inequalities and infectious disease epidemics: a challenge for global health security.","volume":"12","author":"S Quinn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosecurity bioterrorism biodefense Strateg Pract Sci."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1-12","article-title":"The health equity measurement framework: a comprehensive model to measure social inequities in health.","volume":"18","author":"D Dover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366-369","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.366","article-title":"Models of population health: their value for US public health practice, policy, and research.","volume":"93","author":"D Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213-217","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000628","article-title":"What constitutes a syndemic? Methods, contexts, and framing from 2019.","volume":"Publish Ahead of Print","author":"E Mendenhall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941-950","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30003-X","article-title":"Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health.","volume":"389","author":"M Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"39-54","article-title":"A dose of drugs, a touch of violence, a case of AIDS, part 2: Further conceptualizing the SAVA syndemic.","volume":"34","author":"M Singer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Inq Creat Sociol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943-955","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1724317","article-title":"Whither syndemics?: Trends in syndemics research, a review 2015\u20132019.","volume":"15","author":"M Singer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Public Health."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222-234","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0180","article-title":"Generations of suffering: Experiences of a treatment program for substance abuse during pregnancy.","volume":"3","author":"M Singer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931-948","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90205-4","article-title":"AIDS and the health crisis of the US urban poor; the perspective of critical medical anthropology.","volume":"39","author":"M Singer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96-112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0390-3","article-title":"The syndemic of opioid misuse, overdose, HCV, and HIV: structural-level causes and interventions.","volume":"15","author":"D Perlman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577-579","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v8.i4.577","article-title":"Hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: a review.","volume":"8","author":"I Maier","year":"2002","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478-482","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32834bd365","article-title":"HIV\/hepatitis C coinfection natural history and disease progression.","volume":"6","author":"M Hernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107-118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.10.006","article-title":"The syndemic illness of HIV and trauma: implications for a trauma-informed model of care.","volume":"56","author":"C Brezing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002884","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002884","article-title":"What is considered as global health scholarship? A meta-knowledge analysis of global health journals and definitions.","volume":"5","author":"S Abdalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Heal."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93-104","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv034","article-title":"Mapping epidemiology\u2019s past to inform its future: metaknowledge analysis of epidemiologic topics in leading journals, 1974\u20132013.","volume":"182","author":"L Trinquart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01226","article-title":"Mental health and well-being of university students: A bibliometric mapping of the literature.","volume":"11","author":"D Hern\u00e1ndez-Torrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105-2125","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20677","article-title":"Impact of data sources on citation counts and rankings of LIS faculty: Web of Science versus Scopus and Google Scholar.","volume":"58","author":"L Meho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347-364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.02.003","article-title":"Large-scale analysis of the accuracy of the journal classification systems of Web of Science and Scopus.","volume":"10","author":"Q Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Informetr."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572-577","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0516","article-title":"Malaria and parasitic neglected tropical diseases: potential syndemics with COVID-19?.","volume":"103","author":"J Gutman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389-400","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2020024","article-title":"Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS): a research overview.","volume":"7","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIMS Neurosci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3551055","article-title":"Umbrella Review as an Emerging Approach of Evidence Synthesis in Health Sciences: A Bibliometric Analysis.","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959-975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis.","volume":"11","author":"M Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Informetr."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523-538","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping.","volume":"84","author":"N Van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285-320","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10377-8_13","author":"N Eck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Visualizing Bibliometric Networks, Measuring Scholarly Impact."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055-3064","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01705-y","article-title":"Syndemic psychosocial health conditions associated with recent client-perpetrated violence against female entertainment and sex workers in Cambodia.","volume":"49","author":"M Couture","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3832-0","article-title":"Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention.","volume":"16","author":"K Closson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697-708","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9674-x","article-title":"Application of syndemic theory to black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.","volume":"89","author":"T Dyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urban Heal."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991-1006","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2328","article-title":"Substance abuse, violence, and HIV in women: a literature review of the syndemic.","volume":"20","author":"J Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695-703","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000509","article-title":"Syndemic conditions and HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-negative gay and bisexual men in a U.S. National sample.","volume":"36","author":"J Parsons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heal Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431-438","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1172-1","article-title":"\u201cOutness\u201d as a Moderator of the Association Between Syndemic Conditions and HIV Risk-Taking Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Tijuana, Mexico.","volume":"20","author":"E Pitpitan","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79-85","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300810","article-title":"Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: a life-course approach.","volume":"103","author":"A Herrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1961-5","article-title":"Suicide related ideation and behavior among Canadian gay and bisexual men: a syndemic analysis.","volume":"15","author":"O Ferlatte","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13036","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13036","article-title":"COVID-19 and maternal and child food and nutrition insecurity: a complex syndemic.","volume":"16","author":"R P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23482","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23482","article-title":"Systemic racism, chronic health inequities, and COVID-19: A syndemic in the making?.","volume":"32","author":"C Gravlee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.05.004","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among black communities in America: the lethal force of syndemics.","volume":"47","author":"T Poteat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423-441","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2003.17.4.423","article-title":"Syndemics and public health: reconceptualizing disease in bio-social context.","volume":"17","author":"M Singer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Anthropol Q."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.27544.1","article-title":"Applications of GIS and geospatial analyses in COVID-19 research: A systematic review.","volume":"9","author":"R Ahasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014715","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014715","article-title":"Quantifying research output on poverty and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower middle-income countries: a bibliometric analysis.","volume":"7","author":"L Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528-541","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020924689","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders among people who are homeless: An umbrella review.","volume":"66","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591-603","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5310","article-title":"Digital interventions to facilitate patient-provider communication in cancer care: A systematic review.","volume":"29","author":"Y Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413-416","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2403.171797","article-title":"Ending the HIV\/AIDS pandemic.","volume":"24","author":"R Eisinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343-347","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.3.343","article-title":"The global HIV\/AIDS pandemic, structural inequalities, and the politics of international health.","volume":"92","author":"R Parker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00508","article-title":"A syndemic perspective on the management of non-communicable diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic in low-and middle-income countries.","volume":"8","author":"U Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front public Heal."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496-500","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-215626","article-title":"Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: county-level analysis in the USA.","volume":"75","author":"N Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Heal."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32000-6","article-title":"Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic.","volume":"396","author":"R Horton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55-61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2020.03.001","article-title":"COVID-19, a worldwide public health emergency.","volume":"221","author":"M Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Cl\u00ednica Espa\u00f1ola (English Ed)."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946","article-title":"Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status.","volume":"55","author":"C Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257-258","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2020.1746723","article-title":"Geriatric care during public health emergencies: lessons learned from novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.","volume":"63","author":"H Mazumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123-1134","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S277435","article-title":"Depression is associated with moderate-intensity physical activity among college students during the covid-19 pandemic: Differs by activity level, gender and gender role.","volume":"13","author":"J Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-16","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24457.1","article-title":"Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: A review.","volume":"9","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00803","article-title":"Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.","volume":"11","author":"X Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26-35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.06.024","article-title":"Syndemics of psychosocial problems and HIV risk: A systematic review of empirical tests of the disease interaction concept.","volume":"139","author":"A Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117-122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.03.040","article-title":"Syndemics: a theory in search of data or data in search of a theory?","volume":"206","author":"A Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129-131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.07.016","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cSyndemics of psychosocial problems and HIV risk: A systematic review of empirical tests of the disease interaction concept\u201d by A. Tsai and B. Burns.","volume":"145","author":"R Stall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"The value of using a syndemics theory conceptual model to understand the factors associated with obesity in a southern, urban community sample of disadvantaged African-American adults.","volume":"27","author":"K Elifson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Black Nurses\u2019 Assoc JNBNA."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229-240","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-015-9750-y","article-title":"A social ecological model of syndemic risk affecting women with and at-risk for HIV in impoverished urban communities.","volume":"56","author":"A Batchelder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64-68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.10.028","article-title":"Providing personal informal care to older European adults: Should we care about the caregivers\u2019 health?.","volume":"70","author":"L Hiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4103\/ijc.IJC_266_18","article-title":"Health and well-being of cancer caregivers in a changed role of breadwinners.","volume":"55","author":"M Hossain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459-1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.09.014","article-title":"Informal dementia care: Consequences for caregivers\u2019 health and health care use in 8 European countries.","volume":"119","author":"P Bremer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0547-1","article-title":"Assessing health status in informal schizophrenia caregivers compared with health status in non-caregivers and caregivers of other conditions.","volume":"15","author":"S Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35-43","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001800232X","article-title":"Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among children of pre-school age in low-and middle-income countries: a syndemic.","volume":"22","author":"T Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118-125","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12056","article-title":"A syndemic model of women incarcerated in community jails.","volume":"31","author":"P Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721-2723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32232-2","article-title":"Precision medicine to precision care: managing multimorbidity.","volume":"388","author":"A Bierman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-23","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9025326","article-title":"Integrated Care Programs for People with Multimorbidity in European Countries: eHealth Adoption in Health Systems.","volume":"2020","author":"M Melchiorre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.10.020","article-title":"Psychoanalysis in the era of precision psychiatry.","volume":"47","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e023731","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023731","article-title":"Multimorbidity, eHealth and implications for equity: a cross-sectional survey of patient perspectives on eHealth.","volume":"9","author":"D Mangin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2020.11.009","article-title":"Leveraging GIS and spatial analysis for informed decision-making in COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"10","author":"R Ahasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heal Policy Technol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63-66","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v45i23a03","article-title":"The need for integrated public health surveillance to address sexually transmitted and blood-borne syndemics.","volume":"45","author":"M Murti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000636","article-title":"Global public health efforts to address HIV and related communicable disease syndemics.","author":"N Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30-S35","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.171058","article-title":"Critical Race Theory, Race Equity, and Public Health: Toward Antiracism Praxis.","volume":"100","author":"C Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181-209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.33.040406.131740","article-title":"The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets.","volume":"34","author":"D Pager","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466-485","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146518814251","article-title":"Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors.","volume":"59","author":"D Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730-732","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.5.730","article-title":"Environmental racism and public health.","volume":"87","author":"M Northridge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/8N9R6","article-title":"A meta-knowledge analysis of global research on syndemics (2001-2020).","author":"M Hossain","year":"2022, August 26"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:09:09Z","timestamp":1777655349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.74190.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.74190.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162173","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162172","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162172","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162173","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162172, Nicola Bulled, InCHIP, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 13 Feb 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2#referee-response-162172","order":0,"name":"referee-response-162172","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.143637.r162173, Ashley V. Hill, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 14 Mar 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-253\/v2#referee-response-162173","order":1,"name":"referee-response-162173","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}