{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:22:16Z","timestamp":1778138536131,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74576.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74576.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74576.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000}}],"reference-count":21,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Because of yellow fever\u2019s serious impact on health, vaccination is the principal strategy to control the disease. Administration of the yellow fever vaccine to breastfeeding women should be before they complete 9 months post-delivery, in order to prevent transmission of the yellow fever vaccine virus to their infants through breast feeding. This study aimed to confirm whether the excretion of yellow fever vaccine virus is in milk of vaccinated breastfeeding mothers and to confirm the probable transmission to their infants through breast milk. Methods Samples were taken as follows: one serum specimen was taken 3-14 days after the date of the vaccination, and breast milk specimens were taken at four different time points between 3-4 days apart. Specimens were obtained from eight nursing mothers, who received the YVF vaccine (17DD). Mothers were asymptomatic before and after the vaccine administration but their infants developed symptoms after administration. Maternal serum samples were tested for YFV specific IgM antibodies through immuno-fluorescent assay (IFA). RNA was extracted from serum and breast milk specimens and YFV RNA screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In total, five mothers (62.5%) were positive for YFV and two mothers (25%) had YFV RNA in serum. Among milk specimens, YFV RNA was detected during the four different mentioned collection times as follows (positive milk specimens\/total milk specimens): 3\/8 (37.5 %), 4\/6 (66.6%) and 1\/4(25%). RNA was completely undetectable in the last collection time. Conclusions YFV transmission from mothers to their babies through breast-feeding was highly probable indicated by the temporal relationship to mother\u2019s YF vaccination.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.74576.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T12:45:21Z","timestamp":1709210721000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus from breast feeding mothers to their infants: reporting of yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA detection in milk specimens"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tarteel","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2681-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razan A.","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3056-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina N.","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Madni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel Rahim","family":"M El Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isam M.","family":"Elkidir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Enan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894-899","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7115","article-title":"Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential.","volume":"361","author":"N Faria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850-856","DOI":"10.1086\/511869","article-title":"Yellow fever: epidemiology and prevention.","volume":"44","author":"E Barnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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Med."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-017-0566-9","article-title":"Live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine: a legacy vaccine still controlling outbreaks in modern day.","volume":"19","author":"N Collins","year":"2017 Mar 1","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358-368","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12478","article-title":"Breast milk transmission of flaviviruses in the context of Zika virus: a systematic review.","volume":"32","author":"T Mann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"130-132","article-title":"Transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding-Brazil, 2009.","volume":"59","author":"A Couto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. 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Sao Paulo."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68-69","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002496","article-title":"Detection of Wild-type Yellow Fever Virus in Breast Milk.","volume":"39","author":"A Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-017-0042-4","article-title":"Cells of human breast milk.","volume":"22","author":"M Witkowska-Zimny","year":"2017 Dec","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T12:45:26Z","timestamp":1709210726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.74576.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.122300.r127591, Leo G. Visser, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden Medical University Center, Leiden, 22 Mar 2022, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v2#referee-response-127591","order":0,"name":"referee-response-127591","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.122300.r129788, Ralph Huits, Department of Infectious Tropical diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, 20 May 2022, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v2#referee-response-129788","order":1,"name":"referee-response-129788","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Dina Naser<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 08 Jun 2022<\/i>; Dear \n<b>Ralph Huits<\/b>,  \n<b>Major comment:<\/b> The selected mothers had received the YFV vaccine within 9 months of delivery. They were not showing any symptoms of YVF before they got the vaccines; however, their infants developed symptoms of fever, diarrhea, jaundice, vomiting, and\/or skin rashes after one week from their mother received the vaccines.  Transmission to infants was confirmed through that their mothers get vaccinated week before developing symptoms and also through the detected YFV RNA in milk specimens from these same mothers during the infant\u2019s appeared symptoms.  \n<b>Minor comments: &nbsp;<\/b>  \n<u>Result:<\/u>  \n<b>Do \u2018Right\u2019\/ \u2018Left\u2019 column headings refer to the right\/left mamma?<\/b>  Yes, milk samples collected from both breasts in order to get the most excreted YFV in milk and also to study if there is any relation or correlation between breast side and YFV shedding in milk.  *Other reviewer edits are done in the new submitted version.*","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4#referee-comment-8350","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-8350","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Dina Naser<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 22 Jun 2022<\/i>; In addition, some changes have been made in table, these changes are topical to that addressed online by the reviewer.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v4#referee-comment-8410","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-8410","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.134910.r224060, Albert Koulman, Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, 15 Dec 2023, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-76\/v3#referee-response-224060","order":4,"name":"referee-response-224060","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}