{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:10:27Z","timestamp":1772169027941,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.77421.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.77421.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Many studies report the importance of using feces as source sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 symptoms but who are negative to oropharyngeal\/ nasopharyngeal tests. Here, we report the case of an asymptomatic child whose family members had negative results with the rapid antigen nasopharyngeal swab tests. The 21-month-old child presented with fever, diarrhea, bilateral conjunctivitis, and conspicuous lacrimation. In this study, analysis for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal samples by using Luminex technology allowed accurate detection of the presence of the viral RNA in the feces of the child and of all her relatives, which thus resulted to be positive but asymptomatic. It is the first time that SARS-CoV-2- is observed inside the bacteria of the human gut microbiome and outside a matrix resembling extracellular bacterial lysates, in agreement with a bacteriophage mechanism with the images obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), post-embedding immunogold, and by fluorescence microscope. In addition to the typical observations of respiratory symptoms, accurate evaluation of clinical gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, combined with efficient highly sensitive molecular testing on feces, represent an efficient approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2, and for providing the correct therapy in challenging COVID-19 cases, like the one here reported.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.77421.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T08:25:06Z","timestamp":1729067106000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The first report on detecting SARS-CoV-2 inside bacteria of\u00a0 the human gut microbiome: A case series on asymptomatic family members and a child with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6252-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Brogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Cristoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico Rocco","family":"Bisaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lauritano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5670-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Prisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882-883","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa112","article-title":"Origin and Evolution of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus.","volume":"71","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020 Jul 28","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502-505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0817-4)","article-title":"Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding.","volume":"26","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269-283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00416-6","article-title":"Potential intestinal infection and faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"18","author":"M Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843-1844","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.","volume":"323","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0295-7","article-title":"COVID-19: faecal-oral transmission?.","volume":"17","author":"J Hindson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev GastroenterolHepatol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271-280.e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020 Apr 16","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684610","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.684610","article-title":"A Dual-Route Perspective of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lung- vs. Gut-specific Effects of ACE-2 Deficiency.","volume":"12","author":"E Sajdel-Sulkowska","year":"2021 Jun 11","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010-1018","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320953","article-title":"Digestive system is a potential route of COVID-19: an analysis of single-cell coexpression pattern of key proteins in viral entry process.","volume":"69","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698-706","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323020","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"70","author":"Y Yeoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253293","article-title":"The human microbiome and COVID-19: A systematic review.","volume":"16","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00986-0","article-title":"Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.","volume":"7","author":"B Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sig. Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582287","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.582287","article-title":"The Coronaviruses of Animals and Birds: Their Zoonosis, Vaccines, and Models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2.","volume":"7","author":"A Alluwaimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141-144","DOI":"10.1128\/am.23.1.141-144.1972","article-title":"Electron microscope methods for the identification of adenoviruses isolated in micro tissue cultures.","volume":"23","author":"M Rosenbaum","year":"1972 Jan","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234-243","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02820-13","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses associated with the 2013 disease outbreak among swine in the United States.","volume":"52","author":"Q Chen","year":"2014 Jan","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514-522","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9834","article-title":"The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs I: Growth performance and digestibility.","volume":"94","author":"W Schweer","year":"2016 Feb","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1036","article-title":"Porcine deltacoronavirus infection alters bacterial communities in the colon and feces of neonatal piglets.","volume":"9","author":"H Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050858","article-title":"Role of Feline Coronavirus as Contributor to Diarrhea in Cats from Breeding Catteries.","volume":"14","author":"S Felten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272-278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.07.003","article-title":"Feline gut microbiota composition in association with feline coronavirus infection: A pilot study.","volume":"125","author":"S Meazzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291-3298","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3291-3298.2000","article-title":"Coronavirus and Pasteurella infections in bovine shipping fever pneumonia and Evans' criteria for causation.","volume":"38","author":"J Storz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349-364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.005","article-title":"Bovine respiratory coronavirus.","volume":"26","author":"L Saif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"416-419","article-title":"Electron microscopy of rapid identification of animal viruses in hematoxylin-eosin sections.","volume":"41","author":"R Bhatnagar","year":"1977 Oct","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64-e65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32079-1","article-title":"Why misinterpretation of electron micrographs in SARS-CoV-2-infected tissue goes viral.","volume":"396","author":"C Dittmayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535-538","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12711","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.","volume":"503","author":"X Ge","year":"2013 Nov 28","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391-395","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1738501","article-title":"Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals.","volume":"28","author":"I Seah","year":"2020 Apr 2","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619-1628","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11952","article-title":"Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Critical Review of Current Literature.","volume":"34","author":"K Douglas","year":"2020 Jun","journal-title":"In Vivo."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959-1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04777-7","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"258","author":"B Bostanci Ceran","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/vision6030046","article-title":"Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia.","volume":"6","author":"A Furdova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vision (Basel)."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12080169","article-title":"Could Ocular Glands Be Infected by SARS-CoV-2?","volume":"12","author":"J Bu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diseases."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332157","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1332157)","article-title":"Detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples is linked to viral load in the nasopharynx.","volume":"14","author":"J Kimpel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.52540.2","article-title":"Increase of SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in faecal samples prompts for rethinking of SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 epidemiology.","volume":"10","author":"M Petrillo","year":"2021 May 11","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-95","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.065","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"159","author":"K Cheung","year":"2020 Jul","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00398-5","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from patient fecal samples by whole genome sequencing.","volume":"13","author":"A Papoutsis","year":"2021 Jan 30","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57030290","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Fecal Sample from a Patient with Typical Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia on CT but Negative to Multiple SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Tests on Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples.","volume":"57","author":"B Brogna","year":"2021 Mar 20","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71-82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.06.023","article-title":"Applications of Luminex xMAP technology for rapid, high-throughput multiplexed nucleic acid detection.","volume":"363","author":"S Dunbar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104476","article-title":"Evaluation of the commercially available LightMix\u00ae Modular E-gene kit using clinical and proficiency testing specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection.","volume":"129","author":"C Yip","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040643","article-title":"Who Is the Intermediate Host of RNA Viruses? A Study Focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and Poliovirus.","volume":"12","author":"C Brogna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52-58","DOI":"10.2174\/1874279300802010052","article-title":"Morphogenesis of Coronavirus HCoV-NL63 in Cell Culture: A Transmission Electron Microscopic Study.","volume":"2","author":"J Orenstein","year":"2008 Jan","journal-title":"Open Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01819-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01819-20","article-title":"A comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals characterizes 3CLpro inhibitor PF-00835231 as a potential new treatment for COVID-19.","volume":"95","author":"M Vries","year":"2021 Feb 23","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009233","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations at the S1\/S2 cleavage site are generated in vitro during propagation in TMPRSS2-deficient cells.","volume":"17","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2021 Jan 21","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275-280","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2172-6","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China.","volume":"40","author":"F Zheng","year":"2020 Apr","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633-634","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30236-X","article-title":"COVID-19 in children: the link in the transmission chain.","volume":"20","author":"A Kelvin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172-175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.053","article-title":"First case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"107","author":"T Hansen","year":"2021 Jun","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061-1069","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1113].","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039-1043","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01391753","article-title":"Chronic enterocyte infection with coronavirus. One possible cause of the syndrome of tropical sprue?.","volume":"27","author":"S Baker","year":"1982 Nov","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489-503","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273106","article-title":"Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration.","volume":"595","author":"T Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916-932","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjaa067","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and boosts proinflammatory activity.","volume":"12","author":"G Petruk","year":"2020 Oct 12","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540-550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.071","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and immune-microbiome interactions: Lessons from respiratory viral infections.","volume":"105","author":"F Cyprian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622-1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.016","article-title":"Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis.","volume":"26","author":"B Langford","year":"2020 Dec","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651-1660","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13845","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding proteins expressed by upper respiratory tract bacteria may prevent severe viral infection.","volume":"594","author":"E Honarmand","year":"2020 Jun","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.27308.1","article-title":"The EU one-stop-shop collection of publicly available information on COVID-19 in vitro diagnostic medical devices.","volume":"9","author":"M Petrillo","year":"2020 Nov 3","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Council Recommendation on a common framework for the use and validation of rapid antigen tests and the mutual recognition of COVID-19 test results in the EU 2021\/C 24\/01."},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"EU health preparedness: A common list of COVID-19 rapid antigen tests and a common standardised set of data to be included in COVID-19 test result certificates."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060-1061","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc1227","article-title":"Serology assays to manage COVID-19.","volume":"368","author":"F Krammer","year":"2020 Jun 5","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595773","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.595773","article-title":"Early Viral Clearance and Antibody Kinetics of COVID-19 Among Asymptomatic Carriers.","volume":"8","author":"T Xiao","year":"2021 Mar 15","journal-title":"Front Med. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615099","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.615099","article-title":"Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development.","volume":"8","author":"Y Mardian","year":"2021 May 7","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-95","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.065","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"159","author":"K Cheung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00936-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00936-20","article-title":"Clinical Performance of the Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Nasopharyngeal Specimens from COVID-19 Patients in Hong Kong.","volume":"58","author":"J Chen","year":"2020 Jul 23","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843-1844","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.","volume":"323","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4991","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4991","article-title":"A new absolute quantitative method for peptide and metabolite detection.","volume":"59","author":"C Brogna","year":"2024 Jan","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28275-y","article-title":"Evaluation of RT-PCR assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.","volume":"13","author":"S Dip","year":"2023 Feb 9","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.54306.2","article-title":"Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients.","volume":"10","author":"C Brogna","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6974414","article-title":"Supplementary materials (s.m.) of \u201cThe first report on detecting SARS-CoV-2 inside bacteria of the human gut microbiome: A case series on asymptomatic family members and a child with COVID-19\u201d.","author":"C Brogna","year":"2022","journal-title":"[Data set]. Zenodo."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050708","article-title":"Could SARS-CoV-2 Have Bacteriophage Behavior or Induce the Activity of Other Bacteriophages?","volume":"10","author":"C Brogna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4876","article-title":"q value and parent energy optimization using a low-voltage ionization approach increases resolution in linear ion trap mass spectrometry.","volume":"57","author":"S Madama","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043929","article-title":"Analysis of Bacteriophage Behavior of a Human RNA Virus, SARS-CoV-2, through the Integrated Approach of Immunofluorescence Microscopy, Proteomics and D-Amino Acid Quantification.","volume":"24","author":"C Brogna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34-\ud0d648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.04.011","article-title":"Effects of spike protein and toxin-like peptides found in COVID-19 patients on human 3D neuronal\/glial model undergoing differentiation: Possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 impact on brain development.","volume":"111","author":"F Pistollato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol (Elmsford, N.Y.)."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225-1229","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050110","article-title":"Human coronavirus NL63, France.","volume":"11","author":"A Vabret","year":"2005 Aug","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.13839323","article-title":"Supplementary Materials 2 (s.m.2) the First Report on Detecting Sars-cov-2 Inside Bacteria of the Human Gut Microbiome: A Case Series on Asymptomatic Family Members and a Child with COVID-19.","author":"C Brogna","year":"25 settembre 2024","journal-title":"Zenodo."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T06:10:25Z","timestamp":1729750225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":68,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.77421.3","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.77421.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.77421.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332337","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332339","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332337","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332339","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332339, Debojyoti Dhar, Leucine Rich Bio Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 24 Oct 2024, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3#referee-response-332339","order":0,"name":"referee-response-332339","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.136297.r146819, Aravind Natarajan, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 05 Apr 2023, version 2, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v2#referee-response-146819","order":1,"name":"referee-response-146819","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.172576.r332337, Hassan Mohammad Al Emran, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 17 Oct 2024, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-135\/v3#referee-response-332337","order":2,"name":"referee-response-332337","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}