{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:18:45Z","timestamp":1789147125746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    is a gastric pathogen that causes several gastroduodenal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer.\u00a0 Eradication efforts of\n                    <ns4:italic>H. pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    are often hampered by antimicrobial resistance in many countries, including Vietnam.\u00a0 Here, the study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among\n                    <ns4:italic>H. pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    clinical isolates across 13 hospitals in Vietnam. \u00a0The study further evaluated the clarithromycin resistance patterns of\n                    <ns4:italic>H. pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    strains.\u00a0 In order to address the study interests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, epsilometer test and PCR-based sequencing were performed on a total of 193 strains isolated from patients, including 136 children (3\u201315 years of age) and 57 adults (19\u201369 years of age).\u00a0 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the overall resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline was 10.4%, 85.5%, 24.4%, 37.8%, and 23.8% respectively.\u00a0 The distribution of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clarithromycin-resistant strains was 85.5% with MIC &gt;0.5 \u03bcg\/mL.\u00a0 The majority of the clarithromycin resistant isolates (135 of 165 subjects) have MICs ranging from 2 \u03bcg\/mL to 16 \u03bcg\/mL.\u00a0 Furthermore, sequencing detection of mutations in 23S rRNA gene revealed that strains resistant and susceptible to clarithromycin contained both A2143G and T2182C mutations.\u00a0 Of all isolates, eight clarithromycin-resistant isolates (MIC &gt;0.5 \u03bcg\/mL) had no mutations in the 23S rRNA gene.\u00a0 Collectively, these results demonstrated that a proportion of clarithromycin-resistant\n                    <ns4:italic>H. pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    strains, which are not related to the 23S rRNA gene mutations, could be potentially related to other mechanisms such as the presence of an efflux pump or polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene.\u00a0 Therefore, the present study suggests that providing susceptibility testing prior to treatment or alternative screening strategies for antimicrobial resistance is important for future clinical practice.\u00a0 Further studies on clinical guidelines and treatment efficacy are pivotal for successful eradication of\n                    <ns4:italic>H. pylori<\/ns4:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8239.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T09:40:06Z","timestamp":1460540406000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antimicrobial susceptibility and clarithromycin resistance patterns\u00a0of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Camelia","family":"Quek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son T.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieu T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh T.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loc V.","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngan B.L.","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thao K.T.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van H.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175-1186","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"347","author":"S Suerbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28-37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc703","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas.","volume":"2","author":"J Peek RM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789S-2793S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2789S","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: ulcers and more: the beginning of an era.","volume":"131","author":"B Lacy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J 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