{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:00:32Z","timestamp":1789178432815,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8374.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Adenoviruses contribute to morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised pediatric patients including stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients.\u00a0Cidofovir (CDV), an antiviral compound approved by the FDA in 1996, is used for treatment of adenoviral (ADV) infections in immunocompromised patients despite concern of potential nephrotoxicity.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : We conducted a retrospective 5-year review at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital of 16 patients (mean age = 6.5 years) receiving 19 courses of CDV.\u00a0During therapy all pertinent data elements were reviewed to characterize potential response to therapy and incidence of renal dysfunction.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Of the 19 CDV courses prescribed, 16 courses (84%) were in patients who had a positive blood ADV Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) alone or in combination with positive ADV PCR\/ Direct Immunofluorescence Assay (DFA) at another site. Respiratory symptoms with or without pneumonia were the most common presentation (10\/19, 53%). In the majority of blood positive courses (10\/16, 63%), viral clearance was also accompanied by clinical response. This was not the case in four courses where patients expired despite viral clearance, including one in which death was directly attributable to adenovirus. There was reversible renal dysfunction observed during the use of CDV.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    \u00a0 CDV appeared safe and reasonably tolerated for treatment of ADV in this pediatric population and was associated with viral response and clinical improvement in the majority of patients but reversible renal dysfunction was a side effect. Further studies of the efficacy of CDV for immunocompromised children with ADV infection are warranted.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8374.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T13:19:33Z","timestamp":1481894373000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Use of cidofovir in pediatric patients with adenovirus infection"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Ganapathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionne","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331-339","DOI":"10.1086\/505498","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in transplant recipients.","volume":"43","author":"M Ison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"71-74","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients.","volume":"102","author":"D Carrigan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494-1501","DOI":"10.1086\/313514","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.","volume":"29","author":"D Howard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277-282","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701563","article-title":"Adenovirus infection after pediatric bone marrow transplantation.","volume":"23","author":"G Hale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262-274","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.3.262","article-title":"Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host.","volume":"5","author":"J Hierholzer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.e9","article-title":"Intravenous ribavirin treatment for severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised children.","volume":"110","author":"P Gavin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003-1004","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199511000-00017","article-title":"Intravenous ribavirin therapy for disseminated adenovirus infection.","volume":"14","author":"A McCarthy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997-999","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700997","article-title":"Treatment of adenovirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis with ganciclovir.","volume":"20","author":"F Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485-490","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700923","article-title":"Vidarabine therapy for virus-associated cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.","volume":"20","author":"M Kawakami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-10","first-page":"853-854","article-title":"Successful vidarabine therapy for adenovirus type 11-associated acute hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.","volume":"14","author":"A Kitabayashi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77-83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00452.x","article-title":"Disseminated adenovirus infection in renal transplant recipients: the role of cidofovir and intravenous immunoglobulin.","volume":"12","author":"R Saquib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812-1816","DOI":"10.1086\/498151","article-title":"Clinical and in vitro evaluation of cidofovir for treatment of adenovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.","volume":"41","author":"W Muller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481-486","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703798","article-title":"Cidofovir for adenovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a survey by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.","volume":"31","author":"P Ljungman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388-394","DOI":"10.1053\/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11529489","article-title":"Adenoviral infections and a prospective trial of cidofovir in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","volume":"7","author":"J Hoffman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373-379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00391.x","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of cidofovir in high-risk pediatric patients.","volume":"11","author":"V Bhadri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421-428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2008.01014.x","article-title":"Adenovirus infection and treatment with cidofovir in children after liver transplantation.","volume":"13","author":"G Engelmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398-1404","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000209195.95115.8e","article-title":"Cidofovir for the treatment of adenoviral infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.","volume":"81","author":"U Yusuf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621-626","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702820","article-title":"Early diagnosis of adenovirus infection and treatment with cidofovir after bone marrow transplantation in children.","volume":"27","author":"F Legrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219-227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2007.00851.x","article-title":"High-risk adenovirus-infected pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant recipients and preemptive cidofovir therapy.","volume":"12","author":"E Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121-127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2005.00411.x","article-title":"Disseminated adenovirus infection with respiratory failure in pediatric liver transplant recipients: impact of intravenous cidofovir and inhaled nitric oxide.","volume":"10","author":"M Wallot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690-691","DOI":"10.1086\/517222","article-title":"Successful treatment of adenovirus disease with intravenous cidofovir in an unrelated stem-cell transplant recipient.","volume":"28","author":"P Ribaud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010-1016","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.1010-1016.2005","article-title":"Antiadenovirus activities of several classes of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues.","volume":"49","author":"L Naesens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225-229","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000204","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of adenovirus to antiviral drugs is species-dependent.","volume":"10","author":"F Morfin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050-1052","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200210150-00027","article-title":"Intravenous Cidofovir therapy for disseminated adenovirus in a pediatric liver transplant recipient.","volume":"74","author":"B Carter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883-889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.06.009","article-title":"Treatment of adenovirus pneumonia with cidofovir in pediatric lung transplant recipients.","volume":"26","author":"M Doan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e318030875e","article-title":"Improved outcome from invasive adenovirus infection in pediatric patients after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation using intensive clinical surveillance and early intervention.","volume":"29","author":"P Sivaprakasam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825-831","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181b7873e","article-title":"A clinical algorithm identifies high risk pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant patients likely to benefit from treatment of adenoviral infection.","volume":"31","author":"K Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2555-9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01033.x","article-title":"A surveillance study of adenovirus infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients.","volume":"5","author":"A Humar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102-8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00631.x","article-title":"Monitoring of adenovirus infection in pediatric transplant recipients by quantitative PCR: report of six cases and review of the literature.","volume":"4","author":"K Seidemann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45-52","DOI":"10.1086\/380450","article-title":"Real-time blood plasma polymerase chain reaction for management of disseminated adenovirus infection.","volume":"38","author":"M Leruez-Ville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095-9","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1083975","article-title":"New drug on the horizon for treating adenovirus.","volume":"16","author":"W Wold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5256\/f1000research.8374.d117321","article-title":"Dataset 1 in: Use of cidofovir in pediatric patients with adenovirus infection.","author":"L Ganapathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5256\/f1000research.8374.d117322","article-title":"Dataset 2 in: Use of cidofovir in pediatric patients with adenovirus infection.","author":"L Ganapathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T08:57:07Z","timestamp":1658048227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.8374.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11225.r18581","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11225.r18581","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.9007.r13586, Miguel O\u2019Ryan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 03 May 2016, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v1#referee-response-13586","order":0,"name":"referee-response-13586","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.9007.r13587, Jeffrey Bergelson, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 04 May 2016, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v1#referee-response-13587","order":1,"name":"referee-response-13587","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Jeffrey Bergelson<\/b>; <i>Posted: 05 May 2016<\/i>; Because the paper provides no evidence about efficacy, the abstract should be changed, as well as the discussion. &quot;\u2026.was associated with&nbsp;viral response and clinical improvement&quot; should be softened.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2#referee-comment-1959","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-1959","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Lakshmi Ganapathi<\/b>; <i>Posted: 05 Dec 2016<\/i>; Addressing Dr Bergelson\u2019s report, in the new version of the manuscript we have expanded our discussion to point out more explicitly that at least based on our data, while we did observe clearance of viremia in several patients overall clinical benefit was somewhat harder to conclude. We have also mentioned the rationale behind treating asymptomatic patients (both treated patients were considered to be at high risk for complications). &nbsp; In the methods section, we have clarified the following: 1) The assay used to determine viral load, 2) What we defined as viral response. &nbsp; We have also corrected the minor spelling and punctuation issues. &nbsp; We agree with both&nbsp; Dr Bergelson and Dr Hundstad that Figure 2 adds little and have removed it from this version of the manuscript","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2#referee-comment-2352","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-2352","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11225.r18581, David A Hunstad, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA, 04 Jan 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-758\/v2#referee-response-18581","order":4,"name":"referee-response-18581","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"OL\u2019s laboratory is supported by a Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Department of Medicine award to the Precision Vaccines Program as well as Global Health (OPPGH5284) and Grand Challenges Explorations (OPP1035192) awards from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and by NIH grants 1R01AI100135-01 and 3R01AI067353- 05S1 and National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases Adjuvant Discovery Program, Contract No. HHSN272201400052C. The Levy Laboratory has received sponsored research support from VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, 3M Drug Delivery Systems, MedImmune, and Crucell (Johnson & Johnson)- companies that develop adjuvants and vaccines. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}