{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:19Z","timestamp":1772168959398,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000}}],"reference-count":27,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was firstly identified in China and has been declared a global pandemic. Several serious extrapulmonary manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have also been reported and associated with hypercoagulability thrombotic vasculopathy. In addition, cases of\n                    <ns3:italic>Mycobacterium-leprae<\/ns3:italic>\n                    infection have also been known associated with blood coagulation abnormality. Methods Here, we report a 56-year-old male with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) with concomitant leprosy infection with manifestation of glans penile necrosis, presented to the emergency department with acute penile pain. This case is unique because no occlusion blood flow to the penile was observed in the radiographic imaging. We described the potential pathophysiology in this case through a literature review. Results The patient received treatment according to the COVID-19 protocol and was given low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy for 4 days. During the follow up, the clinical and functional condition of the penis showed significant improvement. Conclusions Microthrombus involvement, platelet abnormalities and impaired hemostasis due to SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy co-infection are the hypothesis in this case report.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T10:35:12Z","timestamp":1707129312000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Glans penile necrosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy infection"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jufriady","family":"Ismy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said Alfin","family":"Khalilullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya Fajar","family":"Bahagianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753-758","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138234","article-title":"Origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).","volume":"96","author":"S Umakanthan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565-574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269-270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0308-3","article-title":"COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy.","volume":"20","author":"X Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145-147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19.","volume":"191","author":"F Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9-14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.024","article-title":"Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy.","volume":"191","author":"C Lodigiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e487-e489","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17287","article-title":"Penile ischaemia secondary to COVID-19: why should the dermatologist be concerned?.","volume":"35","author":"P Sarkis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251.e5-251.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.06.027","article-title":"Priapism in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).","volume":"39","author":"M Lamamri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rjab020","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjab020","article-title":"Priapism for 10 days in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a case report.","volume":"2021","author":"A Addar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080867","article-title":"Histopathological Features of SARS-CoV-2 in Extrapulmonary Organ Infection: A Systematic Review of Literature.","volume":"11","author":"D Torge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e679-e680","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16763","article-title":"Catastrophic acute bilateral lower limbs necrosis associated with COVID-19 as a likely consequence of both vasculitis and coagulopathy.","volume":"34","author":"P Del Giudice","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Case Report Tuberculoid leprosy of glans penis.","volume":"4","author":"S Patnaik","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006214","article-title":"Blood coagulation abnormalities in multibacillary leprosy patients.","volume":"12","author":"D Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194-200","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.85.3.194","article-title":"Lucio Leprosy with Lucio's phenomenon, digital gangrene and anticardiolipin antibodies.","volume":"85","author":"E Nunzie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"393-397","article-title":"Investigation of coagulation abnormalities in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum.","volume":"10","author":"R Wirawan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370-374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02015300","article-title":"Acute arterial insufficiency of the male genitalia.","volume":"5","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218-235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.04.026","article-title":"CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document.","volume":"89","author":"D Riley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjx078","article-title":"Penile necrosis secondary to purpura fulminans: a case report and review of literature.","volume":"2017","author":"D Hogarth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985-990","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6201","article-title":"Penile Necrosis by Calciphylaxis in a Diabetic Patient with Chronic Renal Failure.","volume":"46","author":"A Ohta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668-1679","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715841","article-title":"Coagulopathy and Thrombosis as a Result of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Microvascular Focus.","volume":"120","author":"U Katneni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.636843","article-title":"Microvascular Angiopathic Consequences of COVID-19.","volume":"8","author":"M Nalugo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571-587","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447","article-title":"The Emerging Threat of (Micro) Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.","volume":"127","author":"J McFadyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017-1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.","volume":"26","author":"A Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15-20","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12830","article-title":"Pathogenesis and diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation.","volume":"40","author":"M Levi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"327-332","article-title":"Platelet function in leprosy.","volume":"43","author":"M Gupta","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis."},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"477-483","article-title":"Markers of platelet, endothelial cell and blood coagulation activation in leprosy patients with antiphospholipid antibodies.","volume":"20","author":"M Martinuzzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"77-79","article-title":"Cor pulmonale subacute and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum.","volume":"64","author":"J Nery","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746-753","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-53-4-746","article-title":"Coronary thrombosis, cerebral vascular accident and pulmonary embolism in leprosy.","volume":"53","author":"J Rogers","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T07:50:10Z","timestamp":1725349810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.84355.4","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.3","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.84355.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.162133.r243966","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.162133.r318893","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.162133.r243966","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.132446.r135455, Harrina Erlianti Rahardjo, Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 25 Apr 2022, version 3, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v3#referee-response-135455","order":0,"name":"referee-response-135455","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.162133.r243966, Serena Bianchi, Diana Torge, University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, 03 Sep 2024, version 4, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-142\/v4#referee-response-243966","order":1,"name":"referee-response-243966","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}