{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:50:43Z","timestamp":1773298243435,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9504.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000}}],"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Keloid disorder (KD) is an inherited wound healing ailment, frequently seen among Africans \/African Americans and Asians.\u00a0 Genetics of this disorder continues to be obscure and poorly understood. \u00a0Clinical manifestation of KD is quite variable and very diverse, spanning from individuals with one or very few small keloidal lesions, to those with numerous and very large lesions covering large portion of their skin. Ears are common locations for development of keloids.\u00a0 Ear piercing is by far the leading triggering factor for ear keloid formation in genetically predisposed individuals. Although there are numerous publications about ear and earlobe keloids, there is a void in medical literature about massive ear keloids.\u00a0 This paper focuses on the natural history of massive ear keloids and risk factors that lead to formation of these life-changing and debilitating tumors and recommendations for prevention.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9504.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T05:52:27Z","timestamp":1490075547000},"page":"2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Massive ear keloids: Natural history, evaluation of risk factors and recommendation for preventive measures \u2013 A retrospective case series"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Tirgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429-34","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.137.11.1429","article-title":"Clinical genetics of familial keloids.","volume":"137","author":"A Marneros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248-51","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182a2b537","article-title":"Clinical implications of single- versus multiple-site keloid disorder: a retrospective study in an Asian population.","volume":"74","author":"T Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615-21","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13124","article-title":"Keloids in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: a clinical study.","volume":"171","author":"A van de Kar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e313-7","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0075","article-title":"Nine-month-old patient with bilateral earlobe keloids.","volume":"131","author":"M Tirgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514-9","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12262","article-title":"Earlobe keloids: a pilot study of the efficacy of keloidectomy with core fillet flap and adjuvant intralesional corticosteroids.","volume":"39","author":"I Al Aradi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115-21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.09.013","article-title":"Efficacy of custom-made pressure clips for ear keloid treatment after surgical excision.","volume":"69","author":"V Tanaydin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e440","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000357","article-title":"Surgical Excision with Adjuvant Irradiation for Treatment of Keloid Scars: A Systematic Review.","volume":"3","author":"M van Leeuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9086.2","article-title":"Neck keloids: evaluation of risk factors and recommendation for keloid staging system [version 2; referees: 2 approved].","volume":"5","author":"M Tirgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718-25","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002165","article-title":"A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Triamcinolone and Radiation Therapy for Ear Keloids after Surgical Excision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"137","author":"J Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225-229","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2498","article-title":"Burden of Keloid Disease: A Cross-sectional Health-related Quality of Life Assessment.","volume":"97","author":"E Bijlard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"ref-11","first-page":"7-10","article-title":"Dermatologic radiotherapy--R.I.P.","volume":"115","author":"E Epstein","year":"1971","journal-title":"Calif Med."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e440","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000357","article-title":"Surgical Excision with Adjuvant Irradiation for Treatment of Keloid Scars: A Systematic Review.","volume":"3","author":"M van Leeuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."},{"key":"ref-13","first-page":"683-8","article-title":"[Cryosurgical treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids].","volume":"41","author":"C Zouboulis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hautarzt."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185-9","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.101376","article-title":"Cryotherapy in treatment of keloids: evaluation of factors affecting treatment outcome.","volume":"5","author":"M Barara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg."},{"key":"ref-15","first-page":"591-5","article-title":"Cryotherapy in the treatment of keloids.","volume":"5","author":"L Rusciani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728-31","DOI":"10.2310\/6350.2005.31321","article-title":"Cryosurgery in the treatment of earlobe keloids: report of seven cases.","volume":"31","author":"T Fikrle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000348","article-title":"Intralesional Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Keloid Scars: Evaluating Effectiveness.","volume":"3","author":"M van Leeuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T10:19:30Z","timestamp":1544091570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.9504.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r22098","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21414","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21592","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21414","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r22098","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21592","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21592, Robert Sidbury, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine\u00a0, Seattle, WA, USA, 06 Apr 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2#referee-response-21592","order":0,"name":"referee-response-21592","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r21414, Amy J. McMichael, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 31 Mar 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2#referee-response-21414","order":1,"name":"referee-response-21414","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11970.r22098, Mohamed Badawy Hassan Tawfik Abdel-Naser, Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 05 May 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/5-2517\/v2#referee-response-22098","order":2,"name":"referee-response-22098","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}