{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:21:30Z","timestamp":1789543290974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1184344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1184344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The World Health Organization is currently developing 2030 goals for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In these, yaws has been targeted for eradication by 2030, with 50% of member states certified free of yaws transmission by 2023. Here we summarise the yaws modelling literature and discuss the proposed goal and strategy. The current Morges strategy involves rounds of Total Community Treatment (TCT), in which all members of the community are treated, and Total Targeted Treatment (TTT), treating active cases and their contacts. However, modelling and empirical work suggest that latent infections are often not found in the same household as active cases, reducing the utility of household-based contact tracing for a TTT strategy. Economic modelling has also discovered uncertainty in the cost of eradication, requiring further data to give greater information. We also note the need for improved active surveillance in previously endemic countries, in order to plan future intervention efforts and ensure global eradication.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13078.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T09:45:24Z","timestamp":1571219124000},"page":"1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goals for Yaws"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9788-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Dyson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Q.","family":"Mooring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tildesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003016","article-title":"Eradication of yaws: historical efforts and achieving WHO's 2020 target.","volume":"8","author":"K Asiedu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56-66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.02.002","article-title":"Measuring and modelling the effects of systematic non-adherence to mass drug administration.","volume":"18","author":"L Dyson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemics."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837-844","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx305","article-title":"Targeted Treatment of Yaws With Household Contact Tracing: How Much Do We Miss?","volume":"187","author":"L Dyson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003165","article-title":"Where the road ends, yaws begins? The cost-effectiveness of eradication versus more roads.","volume":"8","author":"C Fitzpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006953","article-title":"Prioritizing surveillance activities for certification of yaws eradication based on a review and model of historical case reporting.","volume":"12","author":"C Fitzpatrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431-439","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400040730","article-title":"The mathematical analysis of concurrent epidemics of yaws and chickenpox.","volume":"64","author":"J Gart","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003988","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003988","article-title":"Impact of Community Mass Treatment with Azithromycin for Trachoma Elimination on the Prevalence of Yaws.","volume":"9","author":"M Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22-28","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2301.160487","article-title":"Mathematical Modeling of Programmatic Requirements for Yaws Eradication.","volume":"23","author":"M Marks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61624-3","article-title":"Single-dose azithromycin versus benzathine benzylpenicillin for treatment of yaws in children in Papua New Guinea: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial.","volume":"379","author":"O Mitj\u00e0","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703-710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408586","article-title":"Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for yaws.","volume":"372","author":"O Mitj\u00e0","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J 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Mushayabasa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Math Model."},{"key":"ref-15","first-page":"189-194","article-title":"Eradication of yaws--the Morges strategy.","volume":"87","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec."},{"key":"ref-16","first-page":"417-28","article-title":"Results of the 2017 global WHO survey on yaws.","volume":"93","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec."},{"key":"ref-17","article-title":"NTD roadmap 2021-2030","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Gates Open 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14217.r28141, Caroline Trotter, Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 27 Nov 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1576\/v1#referee-response-28141","order":0,"name":"referee-response-28141","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14217.r28252, David \u0160majs, Petra Posp\u00ed\u0161ilov\u00e1, Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, 12 Dec 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1576\/v1#referee-response-28252","order":1,"name":"referee-response-28252","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through funding to the NTD Modelling Consortium [OPP1184344]\n\nEQM was supported by the National Institutes of Health [T32 AI 007535]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}