{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:10:36Z","timestamp":1772169036808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1116450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1116450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Introduction:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Novel interventions are needed to accelerate malaria elimination, especially in areas where asymptomatic parasitemia is common, and where transmission generally occurs outside of village-based settings. Testing of community members linked to a person with clinical illness (reactive case detection, RACD) has not shown effectiveness in prior studies due to the limited sensitivity of current point-of-care tests. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of active case finding in village-based and forested-based settings using novel high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods and analysis:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    This study is a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial. The interventions include village-based mass test and treat (MTAT), focal test and treat in high-risk populations (FTAT), and the combination of these approaches, using high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests (HS-RDTs) to asses\n                    <ns4:italic>P. falciparum<\/ns4:italic>\n                    infection status. Within four districts in Champasak province, Lao PDR fourteen health center-catchment areas will be randomized to either FTAT or control; and within these HCCAs, 56 villages will be randomized to either MTAT or control. In intervention areas, FTAT will be conducted by community-based peer navigators on a routine basis, and three separate rounds of MTAT are planned. The primary study outcome will be PCR-based\n                    <ns4:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/ns4:italic>\n                    prevalence after one year of implementation. Secondary outcomes include malaria incidence; interventional coverage; operational feasibility and acceptability; and cost and cost- effectiveness.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Ethics and dissemination:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Findings will be reported on clinicaltrials.gov, in peer-reviewed publications and through stakeholder meetings with Ministry of Health and community leaders in Lao PDR and throughout the Greater Mekong Subregion.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Trial registration:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    clinicaltrials.gov\n                    <ns4:ext-link xmlns:ns3=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" ns3:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03783299\">NCT03783299<\/ns4:ext-link>\n                    (21\/12\/2018)\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13088.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T12:20:09Z","timestamp":1576585209000},"page":"1730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Study protocol for a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial to assess the effectiveness of targeted active malaria case detection among high-risk populations in Southern Lao PDR (the AcME-Lao study)"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2181-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Lover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Dantzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Hocini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Estera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Rerolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimee","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roly","family":"Gosling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Yukich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Greenhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rattanaxay","family":"Phetsouvanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bouasy","family":"Hongvanthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"Countries of the Greater Mekong making inroads in the race towards elimination","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-79","article-title":"A controlled, parallel, cluster-randomized trial of community-wide screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum in Burkina Faso.","volume":"12","author":"A Tiono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-221","article-title":"Epidemiology of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infection: implications for detection of hotspots with imperfect diagnostics.","volume":"12","author":"J Mosha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476-83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu655","article-title":"Mass screening and treatment on the basis of results of a Plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic test did not reduce malaria incidence in Zanzibar.","volume":"211","author":"J Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1191-z","article-title":"Reactive case-detection of malaria in Pailin Province, Western Cambodia: lessons from a year-long evaluation in a pre-elimination setting.","volume":"15","author":"J Hustedt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1631-9","article-title":"Limitations of malaria reactive case detection in an area of low and unstable transmission on the Myanmar-Thailand border.","volume":"15","author":"D Parker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45797","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045797","article-title":"Focused Screening and Treatment (FSAT): a PCR-based strategy to detect malaria parasite carriers and contain drug resistant P. falciparum, Pailin, Cambodia","volume":"7","author":"S Hoyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-9","article-title":"Alere Malaria Ag P.f - Alere is now Abbott"},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124300","article-title":"Novel Cross-Border Approaches to Optimise Identification of Asymptomatic and Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium Infection in Mobile Populations Crossing Cambodian Borders.","volume":"10","author":"H Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-120","article-title":"Respondent-driven sampling on the Thailand-Cambodia border. I. Can malaria cases be contained in mobile migrant workers?","volume":"10","author":"A Khamsiriwatchara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168371","article-title":"Using Respondent Driven Sampling to Identify Malaria Risks and Occupational Networks among Migrant Workers in Ranong, Thailand.","volume":"11","author":"P Wangroongsarb","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581-93","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2014.893854","article-title":"Peer navigators and integrated care to address ethnic health disparities of people with serious mental illness.","volume":"29","author":"P Corrigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health."},{"key":"ref-14","article-title":"Best practices for integrating peer navigators into HIV models of care","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials.","volume":"346","author":"A Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-16","article-title":"AcME-Lao Trial SPIRIT checklists","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-107","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230583993_9","article-title":"Cluster Randomised Controlled Trials","author":"D Torgerson","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470011815.b2a16073","article-title":"Split Plot Designs","author":"D Mcgee","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165-166","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3293","article-title":"Split plot design.","volume":"12","author":"N Altman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-120","article-title":"Allocation techniques for balance at baseline in cluster randomized trials: a methodological review.","volume":"13","author":"N Ivers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"ref-21","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref-22","article-title":"randomizeR: Randomization for Clinical Trials","author":"D Schindler","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e428-e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30072-4","article-title":"Mobile phone-delivered reminders and incentives to improve childhood immunisation coverage and timeliness in Kenya (M-SIMU): a cluster randomised controlled trial.","volume":"5","author":"D Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"ref-24","article-title":"AcME-Lao Trial Extended Data","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref-25","article-title":"Qualitative Methods in Public Health: A Field Guide for Applied Research","author":"P Ulin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref-26","article-title":"AcME-Lao Trial Extended Data- Lao versions","author":"A Lover","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref-27","first-page":"19","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated malaria for health centers and village health volunteers\/workers","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198529446.001.0001","article-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"M Drummond","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1049","article-title":"Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement.","volume":"346","author":"D Husereau","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-405","article-title":"An innovative tool for moving malaria PCR detection of parasite reservoir into the field.","volume":"12","author":"L Canier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0611-9","article-title":"Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are common in western Thailand - molecular and serological evidence.","volume":"14","author":"E Baum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575-582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.08.023","article-title":"Serology: a robust indicator of malaria transmission intensity?","volume":"23","author":"P Corran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119475","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum at the crossroads of exchange among islands in Vanuatu: implications for malaria elimination strategies.","volume":"10","author":"C Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005014","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005014","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins Are Key Targets of Naturally Acquired Immunity in Young Papua New Guinean Children.","volume":"10","author":"C Fran\u00e7a","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133-42","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12306","article-title":"Power analysis for generalized linear mixed models in ecology and evolution.","volume":"6","author":"P Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5661","article-title":"Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials.","volume":"345","author":"M Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-37","article-title":"False-negative RDT results and implications of new reports of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Gates Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T15:41:33Z","timestamp":1722181293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.13088.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28382","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28482","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28469","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28382","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28483","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28482","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2572-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-4754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28382, Daniel M. Parker, Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California,\u00a0Irvine\u00a0(UC Irvine), Irvine, CA, USA, 27 Jan 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1#referee-response-28382","order":0,"name":"referee-response-28382","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.14234.r28482, Lorenz von Seidlein, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 12 Feb 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-1730\/v1#referee-response-28482","order":1,"name":"referee-response-28482","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This study is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1116450] to MEI\/UCSF. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}