{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:50:01Z","timestamp":1785322201784,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.16280.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000}}],"reference-count":44,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization (WHO)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Maternal immunization is a critical strategy to prevent both maternal and infant morbidity and mortality from several infectious diseases. When the first COVID-19 vaccines became available during the pandemic, there was mixed messaging and confusion amongst the broader public and among those associated with health care systems about the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy in many countries. A multi-country, mixed-methods study is being undertaken to describe how vaccine decision-making occurs amongst pregnant and postpartum women, with a focus on COVID-19 vaccines. The study is being conducted in Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, and Pakistan. In each country, participants are being recruited from either 2 or 3 maternity hospitals and\/or clinics that represent a diverse population in terms of socio-economic and urban\/rural status. Data collection includes cross-sectional surveys in pregnant women and semi-structured in-depth interviews with both pregnant and postpartum women. The instruments were designed to identify attitudinal, behavioral, and social correlates of vaccine uptake during and after pregnancy, including the decision-making process related to COVID-19 vaccines, and constructs such as risk perception, self-efficacy, vaccine intentions, and social norms. The aim is to recruit 400 participants for the survey and 50 for the interviews in each country. Qualitative data will be analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, latent variable analysis, and prediction modelling. Both the quantitative and qualitative data will be used to explore differences in attitudes and behaviors around maternal immunization across pregnancy trimesters and the postpartum period among and within countries. Each country has planned dissemination activities to share the study findings with relevant stakeholders in the communities from which the data is collected and to conduct country-specific secondary analyses.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.16280.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T06:20:27Z","timestamp":1729491627000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vaccine decision-making among pregnant women: a protocol for a cross-sectional mixed-method study in Brazil, Ghana, Kenya and Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5188-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.17645.r37873, Edina Amponsah-Dacosta, Imen Ayouni Ep Labidi, Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, 20 Sep 2024, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-94\/v1#referee-response-37873","order":0,"name":"referee-response-37873","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.17645.r38012, Luc\u00eda Abascal Miguel, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, California, 25 Sep 2024, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-94\/v1#referee-response-38012","order":1,"name":"referee-response-38012","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Jessica Schue<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 17 Oct 2024<\/i>; Thank you for reviewing this article. We appreciate your suggestions and have addressed the concerns you had in the initial review.&nbsp;  \n<b>Reviewer 2:<\/b> While the study provides a clear description of the mixed-methods approach, including both qualitative and quantitative components, there are some areas that could benefit from more detailed clarification. For example, the selection criteria for the study sites within each country, particularly how diversity in socio-economic or urban\/rural status will be&nbsp;ensured, could be elaborated further. Additionally, more details on how participant confidentiality will be maintained during the consent process would strengthen the methods section.  Thank you for this comment. We clarified that facilities were also a part of the parent WHO cohort study, and within that limited set, the sites were chosen to maximize the diversity of participants. We also added in more information on how confidentiality was kept.   \n<b>Reviewer 2: Survey Design<\/b>: The article mentions that the questionnaire has been adapted to local contexts. It might be beneficial for the authors to include more details on how these adaptations vary across countries and what cultural factors were considered.  Thank you for flagging this. There were only minor changes to both instruments, and none of them impacted the results that will be presented. In most cases, the changes were done to a question\u2019s structure to improve its comprehension after translation. The other changes were related to some of the socio-demographic variables, Kenya\u2019s questionnaire did not include Ethnicity, Brazil\u2019s questionnaire included an age group of &lt;18 and emancipated, and Pakistan\u2019s questionnaire excluded the gender and marital status questions.&nbsp;&nbsp;","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-94\/v2#referee-comment-3741","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-3741","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/gatesopenres.17694.r38299, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, 25 Oct 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-94\/v2#referee-response-38299","order":3,"name":"referee-response-38299","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Jessica Schue<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 25 Oct 2024<\/i>; Thank you for this review. Unfortunately, Version 2 was published before you completed your initial review, as we were instructed by the editors to do so. We will consult with the editors on how best to proceed. We may await the other two reviewers to review the current version before addressing your original comments to ensure that everyone's comments are included in the next revision.","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-94\/v2#referee-comment-3747","order":4,"name":"referee-comment-3747","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-016877]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}