{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:50:35Z","timestamp":1787021435366,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-030857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-030857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is a life-threatening, late complication of typhoid fever that disproportionately impacts children in low resource settings and continues to have devastating consequences worldwide. Despite elimination of typhoid fever in most high income countries, typhoid fever and TIP remain endemic in many countries around the world as a result of inadequate investments in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and lack of access to vaccines. A first National Typhoid Conference was held in Niamey, Niger on July 22, 2023, where surgeons and other medical and health professionals from Niger convened with local and international health professionals to discuss their experiences with TIP and advocate for better prevention and treatment of the disease. The high number of intestinal perforations diagnosed during surgery, and the lack of capacity for performing blood cultures motivated surgeons in Niger to convene and share data on complications of typhoid, epidemiology, and diagnosis. TIP, a leading cause of peritonitis in Africa, often results in emergency surgery and has reported mortality rates up to 30% in pediatric patients. The availability of four safe and effective typhoid conjugate vaccines, two with committed financial support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, makes prevention through vaccination a realistic near-option for typhoid fever to complement improvements in WASH.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.16348.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T10:15:07Z","timestamp":1746612907000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surgical Complications of Typhoid Fever: First National Typhoid Conference in Niamey, Niger"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Harissou","family":"Adamou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Maman Bachir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakoubou","family":"Sanoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Sukri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidou","family":"Adama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Magagi Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ide","family":"Kadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabeirou","family":"Oudou Abdou Aliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdou","family":"Soley Aboul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Moctar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Doutchi Altine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brah","family":"Souleymane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adehossi","family":"Eric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Emalieu","family":"Toko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Saidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assan Abdoul","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lassane","family":"Kabore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Neuzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259-2262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00769-4","article-title":"Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","volume":"403","author":"C Murray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902-910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.10.030","article-title":"Complications and mortality of typhoid fever: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"81","author":"C Marchello","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper \u2013 March 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.022"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003056","article-title":"Typhoid intestinal perforation in Francophone Africa, a scoping review.","volume":"4","author":"L Sukri","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264-269","DOI":"10.1684\/mst.2017.0692","article-title":"Non-traumatic acute peritonitis in children: causes and prognosis in 226 patients at the National Hospital of Zinder, Niger.","volume":"27","author":"H Adamou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sante Trop."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"3369-3374","article-title":"Indications, complications and socio-economic weights of digestive stomas at Regional Hospital Center of Maradi.","volume":"21","author":"O Adakal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Afr Chir Digest."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"131-139","article-title":"The burden of typhoid perforation of the small intestine in Niger.","volume":"1","author":"H Adamou","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9-17","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_307_22","article-title":"Typhoid intestinal perforation prognostic score in poor-resource settings.","volume":"13","author":"H Adamou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J West Afr Coll Surg."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S155-S159","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa370","article-title":"Early Insights From Clinical Trials of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine.","volume":"71","author":"K Neuzil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459-468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02031-7","article-title":"Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine: final analysis of a 4-year, phase 3, randomised controlled trial in Malawian children.","volume":"403","author":"P Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465-472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.05.061","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of Vi-typhoid conjugate vaccine co-administration with routine 9-month vaccination in Burkina Faso: A randomized controlled phase 2 trial.","volume":"108","author":"S Sirima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517-523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.103","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of co-administration of meningococcal type A and measles-rubella vaccines with typhoid conjugate vaccine in children aged 15-23 months in Burkina Faso.","volume":"102","author":"S Sirima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."}],"container-title":["Gates Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-16\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-16\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-16\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T10:15:09Z","timestamp":1746612909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-16\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.16348.1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/verixiv.387.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/verixiv.387.1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2572-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-4754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Awaiting Peer Review","URL":"https:\/\/gatesopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-16\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"This work was supported in part by a grant (Investment ID INV-030857) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":0,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}