{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T03:01:16Z","timestamp":1763694076823,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C0070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C0070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018D-2499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018D-2499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-023825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-023825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background There is a concern that SARS-CoV-2 infection may drive poor outcomes after\n                    <ns3:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    Mtb exposure and infection. We performed an\n                    <ns3:italic>ex vivo<\/ns3:italic>\n                    Mtb killing assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from three groups: healthy household contacts of people with active TB with and without serologic evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (COV+HHC and COV-HHC), and participants with active TB and previous SARS-CoV-2 (COV+TB+). Methods Twenty participants per group from Cape Town, South Africa were classified according to SARS-CoV-2 anti-S and anti-N antibody tests. We infected PBMC from each participant at a MOI of 0.001 with Mtb strain H37Rv in a 4-day growth inhibition assay. Mycobacteria were quantified through inoculation into Bactec Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) liquid culture. PBMC from a subset of participants were infected in the presence of autologous time-matched serum and Mtb-uninfected control PBMCs were included. Results There was no difference in the time to detection of Mtb or the normalised Mtb growth ratio (log10CFUsample \u2013 log10CFUcontrol) between groups in the standard protocol, or when infected cells from the COV+HHC and COV+TB+ (n=10 each) groups were cultured with autologous time-matched serum. The group with active TB demonstrated the best Mtb growth control. Extracellular Mtb measured by culturing the supernatants of the infected cell cultures also did not show any difference between groups. Five (14.3%) uninfected controls were culture positive. Conclusion Our results show that previous SARS-CoV-2 does not affect the Mtb killing ability of circulating mononuclear immune cells\n                    <ns3:italic>in vitro.<\/ns3:italic>\n                    Previous SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to affect the outcome of Mtb infection through this mechanism.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.16362.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:55:16Z","timestamp":1763686516000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from household contacts is not affected by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jane A","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andriette","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maynard","family":"Meiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osagie A","family":"Eribo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Otum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayanda","family":"Shabangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdows","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Walzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin B","family":"Urdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Lewinsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanus T","family":"Malherbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelita","family":"du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314-1326","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119658","article-title":"Population Immunity and Covid-19 Severity with Omicron Variant in South Africa.","volume":"386","author":"S Madhi","year":"2022 Feb 23","journal-title":"N. 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The Cascade Household Contact study is funded through a sub-award of contract #75N93019C0070 issued to GW at Stellenbosch University. STM received funding from the EDCTP2 program supported by the European Union (Grant Number TMA2016CDF1576). GW received funding from the South African National Research Foundation (SANRF; SARChI TB Biomarkers #86535) and the South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC). This project is part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (RIA2018D-2499 \u2013 TriageTB). Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01AI152075. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Gates Foundation [INV-023825]. Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. JAS is funded by the SAMRC through its Division of Research Capacity Development under the Bongani Mayosi National Health Scholars Programme from funding received from the Public Health Enhancement Fund\/South African National Department of Health. JAS is supported by the SAMRC CTR through baseline funding. The content hereof is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funders. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":0,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}