{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:46:10Z","timestamp":1791967570457,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-005318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-005318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["gatesopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gates Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    In 2021,\n                    <ns3:italic>Salmonella<\/ns3:italic>\n                    Paratyphi A caused &gt;2 million illnesses, resulting in &gt;14,000 deaths, most of which occurred among children under 5 years of age in socioeconomically deprived populations. Both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occur in such areas, but paratyphoid fever is currently concentrated in South Asia. Typhoid conjugate vaccines are recommended for the control of enteric fever in typhoid-endemic settings; however, there are increasing demands for the development of vaccines that can address enteric fever more broadly by including protection against paratyphoid fever. The WHO preferred product characteristics (PPC) and a research and development (R&amp;D) technology roadmap are normative documents developed with the guidance and contribution of a multidisciplinary expert group following a standard methodological framework. In this paper, we summarize the PPC and R&amp;D roadmap presenting the key attributes for a bivalent\n                    <ns3:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/ns3:italic>\n                    serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A vaccine, and discuss the identified key research and data gaps needed to optimize vaccine value and to inform public health and policy decisions, with a particular focus in paratyphoid and enteric fever endemic countries.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.16364.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T17:25:08Z","timestamp":1757957108000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi\/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever\u2013 key considerations and research gaps"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8986-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Belen","family":"Ibarz Pavon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva World Health Organization. Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Clemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Korea University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Seoul International Vaccine Institute"},{"name":"Los Angeles UCLA Fielding School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Craviotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mexico City Universidad Autonoma de Mexico. Facultad de Medicina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Crump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunedin University of Otago. Centre for International Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise O.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington District of Columbia Sabin Vaccine Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melita A.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blantyre Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Program. Kamuzu University of Health Sciences"},{"name":"Liverpool University of Liverpool. Department of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vellore Tamil Nadu Christian Medical College Vellore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen H.","family":"Keddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pretoria University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department Veterinary Tropical Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Laurens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baltimore Maryland University of Maryland Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Oxford Vaccine Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul International Vaccine Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Oxford Vaccine Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senjuti","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Dhaka Division Child Health Research Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Wilder-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva World Health Organization. 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