{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:13:41Z","timestamp":1780553621716,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["hrbopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HRB Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Delirium is an acute, neuropsychiatric syndrome, characterized by an altered mental state. It often affects hospital in-patients and is associated with an increased risk of mortality, dementia, and functional decline. Delirium can be detected through the use of validated assessment tools, administered by nurses, and early detection is associated with improved outcomes for patients. However, validated tools are infrequently utilised and cases of delirium are frequently missed. A greater understanding of nurses\u2019 use of validated delirium assessment tools is needed in order to reduce the number of missed cases. Objectives The aim of this scoping review is to identify how validated assessment tools are used by nurses in general acute care settings to assess for delirium and identify the barriers and enablers for said tools\u2019 use. Methods This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The databases CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus will be searched using a search strategy. Grey literature will also be searched using Google Scholar and BASE. Results will be uploaded to Covidence where the sources will be screened for relevance. Data from relevant sources will be extracted using a data extraction tool. Results The PRISMA-ScR flow diagram will present the results of the search. Results will be mapped descriptively and presented as both tabulated results and a narrative summary. Conclusion This protocol outlines the structure of a scoping review that will analyse the existing literature surrounding nurses use of validated delirium assessment tools. This review aims to map the evidence of delirium assessment tool utilisation by nurses and identify any barriers to usage. This will support future researchers and policy makers in the improvement of delirium assessment in acute care settings.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.14081.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T10:42:04Z","timestamp":1739443324000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/hrbopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nurses\u2019 usage of validated tools to assess for delirium in general acute care settings: A scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3866-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoibhinn","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Bannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355-360","DOI":"10.51893\/2020.4.OA8","article-title":"A multicentre point prevalence study of delirium assessment and management in patients admitted to Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units.","volume":"22","author":"M Ankravs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19-32","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework.","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56392\/001c.92222","article-title":"Informal judgement of delirium status underestimates delirium prevalence: world delirium awareness day point prevalence results from Ireland.","author":"Z Azizi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Delirium Commun."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496-502","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu021","article-title":"Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people.","volume":"43","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26-31","DOI":"10.1159\/000140804","article-title":"High risk of cognitive and functional decline after postoperative delirium. A three-year prospective study.","volume":"26","author":"H Bickel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12643","article-title":"Caring for a patient with delirium in an acute hospital: the lived experience of cardiology, elderly care, renal, and respiratory nurses.","volume":"24","author":"J Brooke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809-2816","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws190","article-title":"Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"135","author":"D Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"ref-8","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369-377","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2020.133","article-title":"Delirium occurrence in older Irish adults admitted to an acute medical hospital: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"40","author":"C Dolan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ir J Psychol Med."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58-70","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v2.i4.58","article-title":"Assessment scales for delirium: a review.","volume":"2","author":"S Grover","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443-450","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51151.x","article-title":"Delirium in older Emergency Department patients discharged home: effect on survival.","volume":"51","author":"R Kakuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026-1041","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12262","article-title":"The economic cost of delirium: a systematic review and quality assessment.","volume":"17","author":"I Kinchin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469-1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.02.080","article-title":"The long-term cognitive and functional outcomes of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery.","volume":"87","author":"S Koster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afab214","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab214","article-title":"Prevalence, management and outcomes of unrecognized delirium in a national sample of 1,493 older Emergency Department patients: how many were sent home and what happened to them?","volume":"51","author":"J Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5872","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5872","article-title":"Delirium is significantly associated with Hospital Frailty Risk Score derived from administrative data.","volume":"38","author":"Z Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1166392","article-title":"Detecting delirium: a systematic review of ultrabrief identification instruments for hospital patients.","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619-623","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz090","article-title":"Delirium research, education and practice.","volume":"48","author":"A MacLullich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428-1457","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4823","article-title":"Delirium pathophysiology: an updated hypothesis of the etiology of acute brain failure.","volume":"33","author":"J Maldonado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907-1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1177-6","article-title":"Understanding international 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hospitalised patients despite available information in hospital medical records.","volume":"53","author":"I Titlestad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467-473","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation.","volume":"169","author":"A Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56392\/001c.92213","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 knowledge, confidence, detection and actions related to Delirium Care in the post-acute setting","author":"C Waszynski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Delirium Commun."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443-451","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013","article-title":"Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis.","volume":"304","author":"J Witlox","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101-106","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0101","article-title":"Acute confusional states in hospital.","volume":"116","author":"N Zoremba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."}],"container-title":["HRB Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1757939110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/hrbopenres.14081.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47005","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47013","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r46609","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47005","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47013","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r46609","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2515-4826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-4826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r46609, Peter Lawlor, Student Federation of the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, 14 Apr 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-response-46609","order":0,"name":"referee-response-46609","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Aoibhinn Boyd<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 08 Jul 2025<\/i>; We would like to thank this reviewer for taking the time to review this protocol and providing constructive feedback.&nbsp;  As noted in the peer review, this study may highlight the need to do further quantitative research on the topic. It is our intent to follow this scoping review up with a survey examining nurses' understanding of delirium specific to the Irish context.&nbsp;  We thank you again for reviewing this protocol and providing us with valuable comments and feedback supporting our research.","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-comment-3787","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3787","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47005, Tanya Mailhot, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, 24 May 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-response-47005","order":2,"name":"referee-response-47005","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Aoibhinn Boyd<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 08 Jul 2025<\/i>; We would like to extend our thanks to this reviewer for taking the time to read and review our protocol. Their comments and insights are extremely valuable.  As per their suggestions, the date of the database searches will be included in the scoping review manuscript. All databases were searched on the 19th of February 2025 and this will be reported in the scoping review.&nbsp;  It will also be explicitly stated that a critical appraisal of sources will not be conducted. As the aim of this scoping review is to develop a broad overview of the topic at hand and map the current literature done in this area, a critical appraisal of sources is not appropriate. This will be explained in the scoping review manuscript.&nbsp;  Due to the wide inclusion criteria, it is likely that assumptions or simplifications will be made in the data charting process. An anticipated example of this is a comparability assumption whereby individual nurses' rates of using delirium assessment tools are compared to nurse led ward rates of using delirium assessment tools. This assumption may be necessary to streamline diverse studies. Any and all assumptions or simplifications will be clarified.  Thank you again to this reviewer for providing this valuable feedback.","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-comment-3788","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-3788","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/hrbopenres.15468.r47013, Tasia York, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 29 May 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-response-47013","order":4,"name":"referee-response-47013","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Aoibhinn Boyd<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 08 Jul 2025<\/i>; We would like to extend our thanks to this reviewer for taking the time to read this scoping review protocol. Your feedback and insights are extremely valuable and will support us in the development of the scoping review.","URL":"https:\/\/hrbopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-33\/v1#referee-comment-3789","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-3789","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Aoibhinn Boyd is supported by the School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, PhD Scholarship. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}