{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:34:09Z","timestamp":1793381649404,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.14895.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["101018840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101018840"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lower Sorbian is a moribund language spoken in Eastern Germany that features a three-way sibilant contrast, \/s, \u0282, \u0255\/. The vast majority of L1 speakers are above eighty years of age and virtually no young Sorbians learn Lower Sorbian as their first language. There are language revitalization programs in place, but this means that virtually all Lower Sorbian speakers are L2 learners whose first language is German. German, as opposed to Lower Sorbian, has a two-way sibilant contrast, \/s, \u0283\/. So, Lower Sorbian learners need to acquire a perceptually similar sibilant contrast, \/\u0282, \u0255\/, that commonly assimilates with a single L1 segment, \/\u0283\/. The two-to-one assimilation makes acquisition difficult. In this project, I examine the acquisition of the three-way sibilant contrast using ultrasound technology. The ultrasound data revealed that learners in the contemporary context do not produce a distinction between \/\u0282, \u0255\/ and only learners at an advanced level who had significant exposure to L1 speakers have acquired a three-way sibilant distinction. The findings are put into the context of models of L2 acquisition and generalized implications for foreign language acquisition are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.14895.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T07:00:31Z","timestamp":1707980431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foreign language acquisition of perceptually similar segments: evidence from Lower Sorbian"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5810-6700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phil J.","family":"Howson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Berlin, 10117, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13904","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"29640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jslp.16022.ant"},{"key":"29641","unstructured":"Articulate Instruments Ltd: Ultrasound Stabilisation Headset Users Manual: Revision 1.4. Edinburgh, UK: Articulate Instruments Ltd,2008. Reference Source (http:\/\/materials.articulateinstruments.com\/Manuals\/Ultrasound%20headset%20manual_1.5.pdf)"},{"key":"29642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000913000457"},{"key":"29643","unstructured":"Best CT: A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In: Strange, W. (ed.), Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross Language Research. Baltimore: York Press,1995; 171\u2013204. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/229078334_A_direct_realist_view_of_crosslanugage_speech_perception)"},{"key":"29644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Best CT, Tyler MD: Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In: Munro, M. J. & Bohn, O.S (eds.), Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,2007; 13\u201334. Reference Source (https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/lllt.17.07bes)","DOI":"10.1075\/lllt.17.07bes"},{"key":"29645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02327.x"},{"key":"29646","unstructured":"Bliss H, Bird S, Cooper PA, et al.: Seeing Speech: Ultrasound-based Multimedia Resources for Pronunciation Learning in Indigenous Languages. Lang Doc Conserv. 2018; 12: 318\u2013338. Reference Source (https:\/\/scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu\/items\/b448e834-6fec-4769-8301-054cdd8874ba)"},{"key":"29647","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716411000518"},{"key":"29648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0272263111000040"},{"key":"29649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716410000287"},{"key":"29650","unstructured":"Flege JE: Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In: Strange, W. (ed.), Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Baltimore: York Press,1995; 233\u2013276. Reference Source (http:\/\/jimflege.com\/files\/Flege_in_Strange_1995.pdf)"},{"key":"29651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flege JE, Bohn OS: The revised speech learning model (SLM-r). In: Wayland, R. (ed.), Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge University Press,2021; 3\u201383. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/second-language-speech-learning\/revised-speech-learning-model-slmr\/7A720FCB65B653B00C766A436908B1A7)","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108886901.002"},{"key":"29652","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02597"},{"key":"29653","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2015-400"},{"key":"29654","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100316000414"},{"key":"29655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/DAURS"},{"key":"29656","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(83)80036-8"},{"key":"29657","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03212211"},{"key":"29658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1736364"},{"key":"29659","unstructured":"Kuhl P, Iverson P: Linguistic experience and the \u201cperceptual magnet effect\u201d. In: Strange, W. (ed.), Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press,1995; 121\u2013154. Reference Source (https:\/\/legacy.cs.indiana.edu\/~port\/teach\/641\/Kuhl.Iverson.lingc.exptc.percpt.magnt.pdf)"},{"key":"29660","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426686"},{"key":"29661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maddieson I: Patterns of sounds. Cambridge University Press,1984. Reference Source (https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books\/about\/Patterns_of_Sounds.html?id=5J1GYbQ-86sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511753459"},{"key":"29662","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJSL.2007.003"},{"key":"29663","unstructured":"Moseley C: The UNESCO atlas of the world\u2019s languages in danger: Context and process. (World Oral Literature Project Occasional Paper 5). Cambridge: University of Cambridge,2012. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.repository.cam.ac.uk\/handle\/1810\/243434)"},{"key":"29664","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7687.00263"},{"key":"29665","unstructured":"R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,2023. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/)"},{"key":"29666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sievert C: Interactive Web-Based Data Visualization with R, plotly, and shiny. Chapman and Hall\/CRC Florida,2020. Reference Source (https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books\/about\/Interactive_Web_based_Data_Visualization.html?id=0fs1vAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y)","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429447273-1"},{"key":"29667","unstructured":"Stone G: Sorbian (Upper and Lower). In: Comrie, B. & Corbett, G. G. (eds.), The Slavonic languages. London & New York: Routledge,1993; 759\u2013794."},{"key":"29668","unstructured":"Tyler MD: PAM-L2 and phonological category acquisition in the foreign language classroom. In: Nyvad, A.M., Hejn\u00e1, M., H\u00f8jen, A., Jespersen, A. B. & S\u00f8rensen, M. H. (Eds.), A Sound Approach to Language Matters In Honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. Dept. of English, School of Communication & Culture, Aarhus University,2019; 607\u2013630. Reference Source (https:\/\/ebooks.au.dk\/aul\/catalog\/download\/322\/218\/990-1?inline=1)"},{"key":"29669","unstructured":"Weirich M, Simpson A: Gender-specific differences in sibilant contrast realizations in English and German. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,2015; 1\u20134. 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Reference Source (https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/259751596_On_changes_in_Slavic_sibilant_systems_and_their_perceptual_motivation)"}],"container-title":["Open Research Europe"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/3-56\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/359\/version\/650\/1299","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/359\/version\/650\/1300","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/359\/version\/650\/1299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:11:52Z","timestamp":1793380312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/view\/359\/version\/650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.14895.2","relation":{"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.14895.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18664.r38173","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18664.r38172","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2732-5121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-5121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-15","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"This project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101018840.\n\n                    The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"56"}}