{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:33:54Z","timestamp":1793381634915,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16093.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["768815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["768815"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CaixaBank","award":["B005782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B005782"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zhx9h04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FIND"},{"name":"Research Foundation - Flanders","award":["1296723N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1296723N"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qtxy027","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation - Flanders","award":["G0A0522N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0A0522N"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qtxy027","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\n                    Maridi County is an onchocerciasis-endemic area in South Sudan. Annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) was instituted in Maridi since the early 2000s, but with low coverage. In 2021, the CDTi programme was strengthened to a six-monthly programme. Additionally, the community-based vector control strategy \u201cSlash and Clear\u201d has been implemented since 2019 at the Maridi Dam, the only blackfly breeding site in the area. This study assessed the effect of these reinforced onchocerciasis elimination interventions on the \n                        Onchocerca volvulus seroprevalence among young children, an indicator of ongoing transmission.\n                \n                \n                    Methods\n                    Baseline and follow-up serosurveys were conducted in Maridi in 2019 (prior to strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts) and 2023, respectively. During both surveys, children aged three to nine years were recruited from five study sites situated at different distances from the Maridi Dam. Ov16 antibodies were detected via rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) using whole blood obtained by finger-pricking the participants. Baseline and follow-up Ov16 prevalence rates were calculated and compared.\n                \n                \n                    Results\n                    In 2019, the Ov16 seroprevalence among children aged three to nine years was 24.5% compared to 30.6% in 2023 (p=0.22). Both surveys found a particularly high Ov16 seroprevalence in the study site closest to the Maridi Dam (35.0% in 2019 and 44.0% in 2023, p=0.52). The Ov16 seroprevalence had a non-significant decreasing trend in the three-year-old children, from 12.5% (3\/24) in 2019 to 8.8% (3\/34) in 2023 (p=0.65).\n                \n                \n                    Conclusion\n                    The persistent Ov16 RDT seropositivity among three-year-old children in 2023 indicates ongoing \n                        O. volvulus transmission. Therefore, further strengthening of the onchocerciasis elimination programme is required. The study highlights the utility of RDTs in monitoring onchocerciasis transmission in highly endemic settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16093.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T12:10:10Z","timestamp":1711109410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid diagnostic testing for onchocerciasis in Maridi (South Sudan) before and after improving elimination strategies: a repeated cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-5811","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amber","family":"Hadermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Raimon","family":"Jada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amref Health Africa South Sudan, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8155-9014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu\u00eds-Jorge","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yak Yak","family":"Bol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-1239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph N","family":"Siewe Fodjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13904","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"41735","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105677"},{"key":"41736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008965"},{"key":"41737","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihx054"},{"key":"41738","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.03.011"},{"key":"41739","unstructured":"5. WHO: Rapid assessment of loiasis and onchocerciasis in Equatoria region of Southern Sudan: 4th to 24th 2005. Reference Source (https:\/\/pesquisa.bvsalud.org\/portal\/resource\/pt\/who-337814)"},{"key":"41740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-325"},{"key":"41741","unstructured":"7. WHO: Onchocerciasis: diagnostic target product profile to support preventive chemotherapy.2021. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240024496)"},{"key":"41742","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2011741"},{"key":"41743","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0132"},{"key":"41744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069231"},{"key":"41745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.11.004"},{"key":"41746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040315"},{"key":"41747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101329"},{"key":"41748","unstructured":"14. South Sudan - County Population Estimates - 2015-2020. Humanitarian Data Exchange. accessed 11 Mar 2023. Reference Source (https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/south-sudan-county-population-estimates-2015-2020)"},{"key":"41749","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005314"},{"key":"41750","unstructured":"16. Remme J, Ba O, Dadzie KY, et al.: A force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis and its applications in the epidemiological evaluation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area. Bull World Health Organ. 1986; 64(5): 667\u201381. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3492300 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/2490951"},{"key":"41751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00973-1"},{"key":"41752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa193"},{"key":"41753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4325254"},{"key":"41754","unstructured":"20. Conceptual and operational framework of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment. African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control.2010. Reference Source (https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/275466)"},{"key":"41755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac042"},{"key":"41756","unstructured":"22. WHO: Onchocerciasis guidelines for stopping mass drug administration and verifying elimination of human onchocerciasis. In: Organisation WH, editor.2016; 44. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241510011)"},{"key":"41757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2023.e00290"},{"key":"41758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0452-1"},{"key":"41759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00248-6"},{"key":"41760","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23728\/B2SHARE.E98101581BE64E6188836D73A19D0243"}],"container-title":["Open Research Europe"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/3-206\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/509\/version\/907\/1812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/509\/version\/907\/1813","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/509\/version\/907\/1812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:11:42Z","timestamp":1793380302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/view\/509\/version\/907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.16093.2","relation":{"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16093.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18760.r39104","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18760.r39103","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18760.r39102","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2732-5121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-5121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-22","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"RC received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 768815 and FIND. L-JA had funding from La Caixa Foundation, grant number B005782. JNSF and RC received funding from the Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders (FWO), grant number: 1296723N and G0A0522N, respectively. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"206"}}