{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:36:37Z","timestamp":1793381797532,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000}}],"reference-count":37,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["869336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["869336"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\n                    Contaminants and water-soluble salts present in mechanically recycled gypsum from refurbishment and demolition (post-consumer) plasterboard waste limit its use as a secondary raw material in plasterboard manufacturing. This research addresses this limitation, developing a novel acid leaching purification technology combined with an improved mechanical pre-treatment for post-consumer gypsum valorization. \n                \n                \n                    Methods\n                    Laboratory-scale acid leaching purification was performed with a borosilicate beaker, hot plate, and overhead stirrer. Stuccos were produced after calcination of gypsum at 150 \u00b0C for 3 hours. Samples were characterized through X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. \n                \n                \n                    Results\n                    Acid leaching at 90 \u00b0C for 1 h using a 5 wt% sulfuric acid solution was revealed to be the optimum purification conditions. Stuccos produced from purified gypsum under optimum conditions had similar initial setting times to that of a commercial stucco but with higher water demand, which could be reduced by optimizing the calcination conditions. A magnesium-rich gypsum was precipitated from the wastewater.\n                \n                \n                    Conclusions\n                    Purified post-consumer gypsum with &gt; 96 wt% chemical purity and calcium sulfate dihydrate content was produced. The research recommends acid neutralization prior filtration, use of gypsum particles &lt; 2 mm in size, and stirring speed of 50 rpm to reduce the economic and environmental impacts of the acid leaching purification process at industrial scale. The magnesium-rich gypsum could potentially be marketed as soil fertilizer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T07:15:08Z","timestamp":1714547708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5304-1442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Castro-Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Osmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Cavalaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENVA, Nottingham, England, NG4 2JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Gypsum, Loughborough, England, LE12 6JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Gypsum, Loughborough, England, LE12 6JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13904","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"36642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-016-9561-x"},{"key":"36643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.04.016"},{"key":"36644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3989\/mc.2017.06016"},{"key":"36645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13243-018-0062-x"},{"key":"36646","unstructured":"5. BSI: PAS 109: Specification for the production of reprocessed gypsum from waste plasterboard. BSI Standards Limited,2013."},{"key":"36647","unstructured":"6. GtoG: Protocol of action B2.2: Quality criteria for recycled gypsum, technical and toxicological parameters. LIFE11 ENV\/BE\/001039.2016."},{"key":"36648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.049"},{"key":"36649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2017.055"},{"key":"36650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.105954"},{"key":"36651","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00986445.2019.1599865"},{"key":"36652","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.05.007"},{"key":"36653","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/min11101051"},{"key":"36654","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106328"},{"key":"36655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.05.111"},{"key":"36656","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2012.11.012"},{"key":"36657","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.03.007"},{"key":"36658","unstructured":"17. Castro-D\u00edaz M, Osmani M, Cavalaro S, et al.: A methodologic approach based on hydrocyclone separation and acid leaching to purify gypsum from refurbishment plasterboard waste. Proceedings of Sardinia 2021 - 18 th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. CISA Publisher,2021. Reference Source (https:\/\/repository.lboro.ac.uk\/articles\/conference_contribution\/A_methodologic_approach_based_on_hydrocyclone_separation_and_acid_leaching_to_purify_gypsum_from_refurbishment_plasterboard_waste\/15015081)"},{"key":"36659","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.8279464"},{"key":"36660","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.189"},{"key":"36661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.668.275"},{"key":"36662","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJET.2015.V7.794"},{"key":"36663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0366-69132015613601930"},{"key":"36664","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2014.05.028"},{"key":"36665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.188"},{"key":"36666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.053"},{"key":"36667","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling7030030"},{"key":"36668","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.112"},{"key":"36669","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2019.101143"},{"key":"36670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/484\/1\/012048"},{"key":"36671","unstructured":"30. EC regulation No 2003\/2003: Regulation (EC) No 2003\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 relating to fertilisers. (accessed 29 thof November 2022). Reference Source (https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32003R2003&from=EN)"},{"key":"36672","unstructured":"31. Commission regulation No 463\/2013: Commission regulation (EU) No 463\/2013 of 17 May 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 2003\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to fertilisers for the purposes of adapting Annexes I, II and IV thereto to technical progress. (accessed 29 thof November 2022). Reference Source (https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32013R0463)"},{"key":"36673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234045"},{"key":"36674","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14084633"},{"key":"36675","unstructured":"34. British Gypsum\u2019s Gyproc Wallboard Environmental Product Declaration. (accessed 27 thof February 2023). Reference Source (https:\/\/api.environdec.com\/api\/v1\/EPDLibrary\/Files\/ed39d919-dc52-4909-bc03-965619d0f6fa\/Data)"},{"key":"36676","unstructured":"35. Knauf\u2019s Wallboard, Baseboard and Plank Environmental Product Declaration. (accessed 27 thof February 2023). Reference Source (https:\/\/www.knauf.co.uk\/our-services\/resources\/environmental-product-declarations-1)"},{"key":"36677","unstructured":"36. Siniat\u2019s GTEC Plasterboard Environmental Product Declaration. (accessed 27 thof February 2023)."},{"key":"36678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.01.014"}],"container-title":["Open Research Europe"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/3-148\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/451\/version\/809\/1617","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/451\/version\/809\/1618","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/451\/version\/809\/1617","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:12:44Z","timestamp":1793380364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/view\/451\/version\/809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.3","relation":{"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.16583.2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.18753.r40045","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2732-5121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-5121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-01","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 869336 (Innovative Circular Economy Based solutions demonstrating the Efficient recovery of valuable material Resources from the Generation of representative End-of-Life building materials [ICEBERG]).\n\n                    The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"148"}}