{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1793381830436,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.17254.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000}}],"reference-count":47,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["862444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862444"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\n                    Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are used increasingly in consumer and healthcare fabrics due to their antimicrobial properties. Abrasive leaching experiments have shown that AgNPs can be released during textile wear and cause a dermal exposure. Derived-no-effect-limit value for AgNPs ranges from 0.01 to 0.0375 mg\/kg-body-weight, and thus, low exposures levels can cause relevant risk.\n                \n                \n                    Methods\n                    In this study AgNP release from textiles by artificial sweat immersion and mechanical stress was investigated. A mass balance model was used to calculate dermal Ag exposure and potential intake via percutaneous absorption and inadvertent (peri-)oral intake during wear of face mask, suit with a full body exposure and gloves. Mass flow analysis was performed for up to 8-h wear time and by using Ag penetration rate constants reported for fresh-, cryopreserved- and glycerolized skin grafts.\n                \n                \n                    Results\n                    Dermal intake risk characterization ratio (RCR) during 8-h wear time for glycerolized skin was up to 0.02 for face mask and 0.9 for full body wear in a worst-case condition. Wearing gloves for 1-h followed by single unintentional fingertip mouthing (contact area 11.5 cm\n                        2) resulted in an RCR of 0.0002. RCR varied depending on the type of textile-product, exposure wear duration and skin type.\n                \n                \n                    Conclusions\n                    This study provides a comprehensive assessment of AgNPs release from textiles and their potential impact on human dermal exposure and was essential for understanding the safety implications for different exposure scenarios and mitigating potential risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.17254.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T02:20:06Z","timestamp":1727835606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exposure assessment and risks associated with wearing silver nanoparticle-coated textiles"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-1999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antti Joonas","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Pollution Management APM, Tampere, FI-33610, Finland"},{"name":"University of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland"},{"name":"ARCHE Consulting, Wondelgem, B-9032, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-2544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Burrueco-Subir\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, 08040, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Candalija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, 08040, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socorro","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, 08040, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-2347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessia","family":"Nicosia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, 40129, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-9297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ravegnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, 40129, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irini","family":"Furxhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Faenza, 48018, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-1393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Brigliadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Faenza, 48018, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-3460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Faenza, 48018, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Blosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Faenza, 48018, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Faenza, 48018, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Belosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, 40129, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-2811","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Lopez de Ipi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA Research and Innovation - 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.\n\n                    The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"100"}}