{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:32:24Z","timestamp":1793644344710,"version":"4.5.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.17624.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000}}],"reference-count":102,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["390523135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390523135"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018mejw64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","award":["CA20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA20135"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bstzn19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\n                    Due to the lack of complexity and variety of stimuli, conventional housing conditions of laboratory mice do not allow these animals to fully express their behavioral repertoire, including manipulative and cognitive activities. Therefore, we designed mechanical puzzles, so-called lockboxes, for mice that can be provided in their home cages. We investigated the impact of the lockbox enrichment on their phenotype and affective state when compared to conventional housing (CH) and super-environmental enrichment (SEE).\n                \n                \n                    Methods\n                    Young adult female C57BL\/6JCrl mice were examined before and after 2-month exposure to the different types of enrichment in a phenotyping test battery, including tests for trait and state anxiety-related behavior, calorimetric measurements, body weight measurements, the analysis of stress hormone metabolite concentrations, and sequential problem-solving abilities with a novel lockbox. At the end of the study, adrenal gland weights were determined and pathohistological evaluation was performed. For all continuous variables, the relative variability was calculated.\n                \n                \n                    Results\n                    While the different types of enrichment affected trait anxiety-related behavior, neither state anxiety-related behavior nor physiological variables (i.e., bodyweight, resting metabolic rate, stress hormone metabolite concentrations, adrenal gland weights) were influenced. LE improved sequential problem-solving (i.e., solving novel lockboxes) when compared to SEE. Regardless of the housing condition, the relative variability increased in most variables over time, although the coefficient of variation decreased for some variables, especially in animals with access to LE. There was no evidence of toxicopathological effects associated with the material from which the lockboxes were made.\n                \n                \n                    Conclusions\n                    All lockboxes are available as open-source tool. LE revealed beneficial effects on the affective state of laboratory mice and their performance in solving novel lockboxes. Neither relevant phenotype of the mice nor reproducibility of the data were compromised by LE, similar to SEE. The lockboxes may also be used as novel approach for assessing cognition in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.17624.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T06:15:44Z","timestamp":1724825744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lockbox enrichment facilitates manipulative and cognitive activities for mice"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6681-9367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharina","family":"Hohlbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, 12277, Germany"},{"name":"Science of Intelligence, Research Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, 10587, 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This work was also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy \u2013 EXC 2002\/1 \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d \u2013 project number 390523135. \n\n                    The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"108"}}