{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:35:51Z","timestamp":1793381751209,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.19270.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000}}],"reference-count":47,"publisher":"CERN","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["862605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862605"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium, \n                    Coxiella burnetii. In ruminants, \n                    C. burnetii can cause abortions, stillbirths, premature births, and weak offspring. As part of the EU-funded Q-Net-Assess International Coordination of Research on Infectious Animal Diseases (ICRAD)-project, aimed at generating the most comprehensive understanding of \n                    C. burnetii genetic variation to date and determining the implications of this genetic variation for zoonotic risk, pathogenicity and control of \n                    C. burnetii infection, we have reviewed the protocols reported by the different project partners and\/or countries to diagnose abortion in domestic ruminants. As a result of this review, we have developed guidelines for the detection of abortifacient agents in domestic ruminants, with a special focus on \n                    C. burnetii. They include a description of the essential and complementary samples needed for a definitive diagnosis, the analytical techniques to be used, and the interpretation and validity of each type of sample and technique. The most comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify an infectious agent as the cause of abortion in ruminants would include histopathology, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), on the fetus and placental membranes, complemented by bacteriology, serology, and real-time PCR analyses of different types of samples. For the specific diagnosis of \n                    C. burnetii as the causative agent of abortion, we provide guidelines based on expert opinions for the interpretation of laboratory test results in relation to their diagnostic value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.19270.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T11:50:09Z","timestamp":1751284209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.68336\/openreseurope.updatepolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of abortifacient agents in domestic ruminants, with a specific focus on \n                    Coxiella burnetii"],"prefix":"10.68336","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9705-4184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"van den Brom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Ruminant Health Department, Royal GD, Deventer, 7400 AA, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-2883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Cumbria, CA11 9RR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA,, Saint-Gen\u00e8s Champanelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneleen","family":"Matthijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciensano, Belgian Institute for Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-9191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcella","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciensano, Belgian Institute for Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Animal Q fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Mertens-Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, 07743, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-0512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tom N.","family":"McNeilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-9670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, NEIKER \u2013 Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13904","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"77163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-13"},{"key":"77164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00352"},{"key":"77165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"77166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.04.010"},{"key":"77167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babudieri B: Q fever: a zoonosis (1959). 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Final inter-laboratory proficiency testing programme report (FQPCRMV21). Anses. (Report to be requested from sophiaufqa@anses.fr (mailto:sophiaufqa@anses.fr)).2021; 48."},{"key":"77201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00690-08"},{"key":"77202","unstructured":"Rousset E, Sidi-Boumedine K, Niemczuk K: Q Fever. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH),2018. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/3.01.16_Q_FEVER.pdf)"},{"key":"77203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15517-8"},{"key":"77204","unstructured":"Van den Brom R, Lievaart-Peterson K, Luttikholt SJM, et al.: Abortion in small ruminants in the Netherlands between 2006\u20132011. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 2012; 137(7): 450\u201357. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22900421"},{"key":"77205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091147"},{"key":"77206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9029"},{"key":"77207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001032"},{"key":"77208","unstructured":"WOAH: Terrestrial code online access. 2024. Reference Source (https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/?id=169&L=1&htmfile=chapitre_coxiella_burnetii.htm)"},{"key":"77209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101926"}],"container-title":["Open Research Europe"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-94\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/892\/version\/1549\/3095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/892\/version\/1549\/3096","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/download\/892\/version\/1549\/3095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:12:22Z","timestamp":1793380342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ore.eu\/ore\/article\/view\/892\/version\/1549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.19270.2","relation":{"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.19270.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.22435.r56274","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2732-5121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-5121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-30","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"This research was made possible by funding from ICRAD, an ERA-NET co-funded under European Union's Horizon 2020 research and&#13;\ninnovation programme (https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/programmes\/horizon2020), under Grant Agreement n\u00b0862605. UK partners received funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant reference: BB\/X020142\/1.  French Partners received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under Grant Agreement \"ANR-22-ICRD-0001-06\". Spanish Partners received funding from MICIU\/AEI \/10.13039\/501100011033 under Project PCI2023-143391. Belgian partners received funding by the Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment contract RI 23\/50. German partners received funding from the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture under project number 2823ERA30D within the framework of ERA-NETs ICRAD as part of \u201cImproved molecular surveillance and assessment of host adaptation and virulence of Coxiella burnetii in Europe\u201d (Q-Net-Assess). Royal GD received funding by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature.\n\n                    The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","name":"funding_statement","label":"Funding Statement","group":{"name":"funding_information","label":"Funding Information"}}],"article-number":"94"}}