{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:52:25Z","timestamp":1785462745515,"version":"3.56.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11891.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000}}],"reference-count":20,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["098481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["098481"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+\/- two years), sex and location. The \u2018Stylised Activity List\u2019 tool, developed for the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey, was adapted to collect data on activity in the last week (participation in activity, difficulty with activity, requirement of assistance for activity), at baseline and 12 months later. All trichiasis cases received trichiasis surgery at baseline. Random effect logistic regression was used to compare cases and comparison participants.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    There was strong evidence that trichiasis surgery substantially improves the ability of trichiasis cases to perform all the productive and leisure activities investigated without difficulty, with large increases in processing agricultural products, 21.1% to 87.0% (p&lt;0.0001), farming, 19.1% to 82.4% (p&lt;0.0001), and fetching wood, 25.3% to 86.0% (p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases who could perform activities without assistance, with the largest increases in animal rearing 54.2% to 92.0% (p&lt;0.0001) and farming 73.2% to 96.4% (p&lt;0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of comparison participants performing activities without difficulty or assistance. The change in most of the activities in cases was independent of visual acuity improvement and recurrent TT at 12 months. One year after trichiasis surgery, the proportion of cases reporting ocular pain reduced from 98.9% to 33.7% (p&lt;0.0001).\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Eyelid surgery for TT improves functional capabilities regardless of vision gains. These data lend strong support to the view that TT surgery improves function and contributes to improved household income and wealth.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11891.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T09:45:33Z","timestamp":1512553533000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of trichiasis surgery on daily living: A longitudinal study in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmael","family":"Habtamu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariku","family":"Wondie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sintayehu","family":"Aweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Melak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizuayehu","family":"Gashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.W.","family":"Mabey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul N.","family":"Rajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Kuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Polack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen A.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1872-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614-8","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","article-title":"Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010.","volume":"96","author":"D Pascolini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"161-8","article-title":"Global WHO alliance for the elimination of blinding trachoma by 2020. Progress report on elimination of trachoma, 2010","volume":"87","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref-3","article-title":"Eliminating Trachoma: Accelerating Towards 2020","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004228","article-title":"Trachoma and Relative Poverty: A Case-Control Study.","volume":"9","author":"E Habtamu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839-44","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1839","article-title":"Trichiasis and disability in a trachoma-endemic area of Tanzania.","volume":"119","author":"K Frick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505-10","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.278","article-title":"Effect of trichiasis surgery on visual acuity outcomes in Ethiopia.","volume":"127","author":"T Woreta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch 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Future.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291-7","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu054","article-title":"\u2018A living death\u2019:  a qualitative assessment of quality of life among women with trichiasis in rural Niger.","volume":"6","author":"S Palmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Health."}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T13:22:36Z","timestamp":1589808156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11891.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14402.r28745","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14402.r28745","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.12849.r25861, Muhammad Mansur Rabiu, Consultant, Noor Dubai Foundation, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 09 Oct 2017, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v1#referee-response-25861","order":0,"name":"referee-response-25861","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Esmael Habtamu Ali<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 27 Oct 2017<\/i>; Many thanks for your thoughtful review. You have highlighted an important potential limitation of this study. We agree with this and had indicated this to be a limitation of the study in the last paragraph of the discussion: \n<i>\u201cThe interviewers were not masked to the trichiasis status of the participants. We cannot exclude the possibility of response bias\u201d.<\/i>&nbsp;We agree with the suggestion that interviewing both the cases and comparison groups in the health facilities with interviewers conducting the interview behind a screen would have reduced this risk of bias. However, this would not have been a practical option and we think would not have been culturally acceptable in this context. The comparison groups were recruited and followed at their homes while the cases were recruited at a health facility for the following two reason.Firstly, this study was part of a larger, previously reported study where the household economic welfare of trichiasis cases and health controls (comparison participants) was compared and studied. Three methods were used to measure household economic welfare: (a) Collecting data on a broad set of asset-based wealth indicators and then relative household economic poverty was determined by principal component analysis (PCA, (b) Self-rated wealth, and (c) Peer-rated wealth.&nbsp; Most of the asset based wealth indicator data needs to be collected through observation which requires the data collectors to go to the houses of the cases and comparison participants at baseline and interacting with them which again might create a chance for the data collectors to recognise some of the participants from their answers even in an interview done behind a screen. In addition, the peer rated wealth data was collected through interviewing three peers of both the cases and the comparison participants, which again required visiting the villages of all participants.Secondly, bringing the comparison groups to a health facility both at baseline and follow-up would have been logistically difficult. Trichiasis cases were mainly motivated to come to the health facility to receive surgical management for their trichiasis and for subsequent surgical follow-ups, while the comparison groups would not have such motivation.Thank you again for reviewing our manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v2#referee-comment-3141","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3141","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14402.r28745, Charlotte Hanlon, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 07 Dec 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-69\/v2#referee-response-28745","order":2,"name":"referee-response-28745","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [098481]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}