{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:11:49Z","timestamp":1772169109874,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12445.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000}}],"reference-count":37,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["087540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["087540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"Direktion f\u00fcr Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013987","name":"Kenyan Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013987","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Accessory gland proteins (ACPs) are important reproductive proteins produced by the male accessory glands (MAGs) of most insect species. These proteins are essential for male insect fertility, and are transferred alongside semen to females during copulation. ACPs are poorly characterized in\n                    <ns3:italic>Glossina<\/ns3:italic>\n                    species (tsetse fly), the principal vector of the parasite that causes life-threatening Human African Trypanosomiasis and Animal trypanosomiasis in endemic regions in Africa. The tsetse fly has a peculiar reproductive cycle because of the absence of oviposition. Females mate once and store sperm in a spermathecal, and produce a single fully developed larva at a time that pupates within minutes of exiting their uterus. This slow reproductive cycle, compared to other insects, significantly restricts reproduction to only 3 to 6 larvae per female lifespan. This unique reproductive cycle is an attractive vector control strategy entry point. We exploit comparative genomics approaches to explore the diversity of ACPs in the recently available whole genome sequence data from five tsetse fly species (\n                    <ns3:italic>Glossina morsitans, G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. pallidipes<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>G. fuscipes<\/ns3:italic>\n                    ). We used previously described ACPs in\n                    <ns3:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/ns3:italic>\n                    as reference sequences. We identified 36, 27, 31, 29 and 33 diverse ACP orthologous genes in\n                    <ns3:italic>G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. fuscipes, G. pallidipes<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>G. morsitans<\/ns3:italic>\n                    genomes respectively, which we classified into 21 functional classes. Our findings provide genetic evidence of MAG proteins in five recently sequenced\n                    <ns3:italic>Glossina<\/ns3:italic>\n                    genomes. It highlights new avenues for molecular studies that evaluate potential field control strategies of these important vectors of human and animal disease.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12445.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T11:45:05Z","timestamp":1511351105000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative genomics identifies male accessory gland proteins in five Glossina species"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Muna F.","family":"Abry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin M.","family":"Kimenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel K","family":"Masiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6825-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benard W.","family":"Kulohoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16215-16220","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703904104","article-title":"A genome-wide analysis in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes reveals 46 male accessory gland genes, possible modulators of female behavior.","volume":"104","author":"T Dottorini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117-1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(97)00062-0","article-title":"Mating and hormonal triggers regulate accessory gland gene expression in male Drosophila.","volume":"43","author":"M Wolfner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477-1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2003.10.023","article-title":"Functions and analysis of the seminal fluid proteins of male Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies.","volume":"25","author":"T Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Peptides."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-5956-4-9","article-title":"Proteomic identification of Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland proteins, including a pro-cathepsin and a soluble \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase.","volume":"4","author":"M Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1-5","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.1.0680001","article-title":"Frequency of multiple inseminations in field-collected Anopheles gambiae females revealed by DNA analysis of transferred sperm.","volume":"68","author":"F Tripet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131-143","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.043844","article-title":"Cross-species comparison of Drosophila male accessory gland protein genes.","volume":"171","author":"J Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001467","article-title":"Should I get screened for sleeping sickness? 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T07:25:45Z","timestamp":1628493945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12445.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14370.r28295","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14370.r28295","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.13476.r25531, Emiliano Mancini, Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy, 04 Sep 2017, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v1#referee-response-25531","order":0,"name":"referee-response-25531","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Benard Kulohoma<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 20 Nov 2017<\/i>; We thank the reviewers for the comments. Our study is a preliminary \n<i>in silico<\/i> exploration of the MAG repertoire of \n<i>Glossina<\/i> species, and provides initial findings about genome annotations that identifies ACPs orthologs. Our aim was to establish whether there are male accessory gland (ACPs) orthologs across the Glossina species genomes, by comparing them to well characterised ACP orthologs from \n<i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i> and \n<i>Anopheles gambiae<\/i>, given the importance of reproductive molecules in strategic designs of vector control.&nbsp;  We have revised the manuscript to address the over-emphasis that ACPS have a play crucial role in the tsetse fly life reproductive cycle, and thus vector control. Lines 45, 73, 163, and 164.&nbsp; We have revised the manuscript to show that this is a preliminary study using the initial release of the Glossina genomes, which are publicly available, and future studies using RNASeq\/transcriptome datasets of the male accessory glands and testis may identify rapidly evolving Glossina-specific ACPs, which perhaps do not bear a well-known protein domains, and could escape \n<i>in silico <\/i>investigation dependent on a comparative genomic approach alone. Lines 194 - 201.&nbsp; We have amended the manuscript to reflect that we identified possible signatures of selection, since a wider analysis including more closely related taxa was not performed. Lines 137, 140-143, and 165-166.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2#referee-comment-3196","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3196","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.14370.r28295, Kristipati Ravi Ram, Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 06 Dec 2017, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/2-73\/v2#referee-response-28295","order":2,"name":"referee-response-28295","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [087540], a pump-priming grant to BWK from the Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence in East Africa (THRiVE); UK\u2019s Department for International Development (DFID); Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC); and the Kenyan Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}