{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:26:06Z","timestamp":1789604766128,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14069.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000735","name":"University of Cambridge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["097490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["097490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Information and Communications Technology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background.<\/ns4:bold> Chronic pain is a common, often disabling condition thought to involve a combination of peripheral and central neurobiological factors. However, the extent and nature of changes in the brain is poorly understood.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods.<\/ns4:bold> We investigated brain network architecture using resting-state fMRI data in chronic back pain patients in the UK and Japan (41 patients, 56 controls), as well as open data from USA. We applied machine learning and deep learning (conditional variational autoencoder architecture) methods to explore classification of patients\/controls based on network connectivity. We then studied the network topology of the data, and developed a multislice modularity method to look for consensus evidence of modular reorganisation in chronic back pain.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results.<\/ns4:bold> Machine learning and deep learning allowed reliable classification of patients in a third, independent open data set with an accuracy of 63%, with 68% in cross validation of all data. We identified robust evidence of network hub disruption in chronic pain, most consistently with respect to clustering coefficient\u00a0and betweenness centrality. We found a consensus pattern of modular reorganisation involving extensive, bilateral regions of sensorimotor cortex, and characterised primarily by negative reorganisation - a tendency for sensorimotor cortex nodes to be less inclined to form pairwise modular links with other brain nodes. Furthermore, these regions were found to display increased connectivity with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to be involved in endogenous pain control. In contrast, intraparietal sulcus displayed a propensity towards positive modular reorganisation, suggesting that it might have a role in forming modules associated with the chronic pain state.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusion.<\/ns4:bold> The results provide evidence of consistent and characteristic brain network changes in chronic pain, characterised primarily by extensive reorganisation of the network architecture of the sensorimotor cortex.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14069.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T06:15:30Z","timestamp":1539152130000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Classification and characterisation of brain network changes in chronic back pain: A multicenter 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The new manuscript includes a supplement where we summarise the key issues that have been raised together by the 3 reviewers, and detail our response to them and the associated changes to the original manuscript that are in the revised version of the manuscript. &nbsp; We also want to highlight the valuable general commentary provided by the reviewers in relation to the broader aspects of network changes and biomarkers for chronic pain, and believe the open reviews offer a valuable perspective which greatly enhances the publication as a whole.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-19\/v2#referee-comment-3708","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3708","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.15303.r31330, Tor D. Wager, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 30 Apr 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-19\/v1#referee-response-31330","order":2,"name":"referee-response-31330","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Ben Seymour<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 27 Sep 2018<\/i>; We thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and detailed evaluation. The new manuscript includes a supplement where we summarise the key issues that have been raised together by the 3 reviewers, and detail our response to them and the associated changes to the original manuscript that are in the revised version of the manuscript. &nbsp; We also want to highlight the valuable general commentary provided by the reviewers in relation to the broader aspects of network changes and biomarkers for chronic pain, and believe the open reviews offer a valuable perspective which greatly enhances the publication as a whole.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-19\/v2#referee-comment-3707","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-3707","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.15303.r32965, Jiro Kurata, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 08 May 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-19\/v1#referee-response-32965","order":4,"name":"referee-response-32965","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Ben Seymour<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 27 Sep 2018<\/i>; We thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and detailed evaluation. The new manuscript includes a supplement where we summarise the key issues that have been raised together by the 3 reviewers, and detail our response to them and the associated changes to the original manuscript that are in the revised version of the manuscript. &nbsp; We also want to highlight the valuable general commentary provided by the reviewers in relation to the broader aspects of network changes and biomarkers for chronic pain, and believe the open reviews offer a valuable perspective which greatly enhances the publication as a whole.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-19\/v2#referee-comment-3706","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-3706","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The study was supported by the Wellcome Trust (097490; BS); National Institute for Information and Communications Technology (HM, KL, BS); \u2018Engineering in Clinical Practice Grant\u2019 of the University of Cambridge (BS, ECP Oct 2012); Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (WY, BS, MK); the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS S2604; HM, AN, WY, BS, TY), and Arthritis Research UK (21357, BS).\nOPP funding was provided by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA). OPP data are disseminated by the Apkarian Lab, Physiology Department at the Northwestern University, Chicago. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}