{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:30:02Z","timestamp":1787959802674,"version":"build-2784847793"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14636.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MC_UU_12013\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12013\/4"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MC_UU_12013\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12013\/3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C18281\/A19169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18281\/A19169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["202802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202802"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IS-BRC-1215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS-BRC-1215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["102215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102215"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The\n                    <ns4:italic>FUT2<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (fucosyltransferase-2) gene determines blood group secretor status. Being homozygous for the inactive \u201cnon-secretor\u201d rs601338(A) allele confers resistance to certain infections (e.g.\n                    <ns4:italic>Norovirus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <ns4:italic>Rotavirus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ) and susceptibility to others (e.g.\n                    <ns4:italic>Haemophilus influenza<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <ns4:italic>Streptococcus pneumonia<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ). Non-secretors also have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. We examined\n                    <ns4:italic>FUT2<\/ns4:italic>\n                    genotype, infections and chronic conditions in a population-based cohort.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    We studied 7,582 pregnant women from the ALSPAC pregnancy cohort. Infections (measles, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, meningitis, herpes, gonorrhea and urinary infections) and chronic conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, psoriasis, hay fever, asthma, eczema and allergies) were self-reported.\n                    <ns4:italic>FUT2<\/ns4:italic>\n                    secretor status was determined from the rs601338 genotype. ABO blood type was obtained from clinical records.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Overall, 1920 women (25.3%) were homozygous for the non-secretor allele (AA). Secretor status was associated with mumps, with 68% of non-secretors experiencing this infection, compared to 48% of secretors (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34\u20131.46). A weaker association was observed for measles infection (76% vs. 72%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.09). Non-secretors also experienced an increased risk of kidney disease (5.4% vs. 3.9%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11\u20131.75). Independent of secretor status, AB blood type was a risk factor for mumps (RR 1.15; 95%CI, 1.03, 1.28 compared to type O). We found no evidence of interaction between secretor status and blood type. \u00a0For some conditions, including asthma and arthritis,\n                    <ns4:italic>FUT2<\/ns4:italic>\n                    heterozygosity (GA) appeared to confer an intermediate phenotype. There was no strong evidence of association between secretor status and other infections or chronic conditions, although statistical power was limited for rare outcomes.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Our results identify an association between\n                    <ns4:italic>FUT2<\/ns4:italic>\n                    secretor status and self-reported kidney disease, and confirm a recently reported association with susceptibility to mumps infection. The clinical implications of these associations warrant further investigation.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14636.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T10:24:05Z","timestamp":1537871045000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["FUT2 secretor genotype and susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions in the ALSPAC cohort"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Azad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3362-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin H.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Timpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4640-4649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.9.4640","article-title":"Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T20:00:16Z","timestamp":1605038416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14636.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33978","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33977","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33978","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33977","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33977, Jacques Le Pendu, CRCINA (Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes-Angers), Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Angers, University of Nantes, Nantes, France, 27 Sep 2018, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2#referee-response-33977","order":0,"name":"referee-response-33977","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Meghan Azad<\/b>; <i>Posted: 28 Sep 2018<\/i>; Thank you Dr. Le Pendu for the helpful comments. We appreciate your input, and belive it has strengthened the paper.","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2#referee-comment-3709","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3709","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16080.r33978, Leonor David, Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto\/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto (IPATIMUP\/i3S), Porto, Portugal, 26 Sep 2018, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2#referee-response-33978","order":2,"name":"referee-response-33978","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Meghan Azad<\/b>; <i>Posted: 26 Sep 2018<\/i>; Thank you, Dr. David. The paper is indeed improved thanks to your comments. We appreciate your input!","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/3-65\/v2#referee-comment-3705","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-3705","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program. The UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (102215\/2\/13\/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website. GWAS data was generated by Sample Logistics and Genotyping Facilities at Wellcome Sanger Institute and LabCorp (Laboratory Corporation of America) using support from 23andMe. MBA holds the Canada Research Chair in Developmental Origins of Chronic Disease. N.J.T. is a Wellcome Trust Investigator (202802\/Z\/16\/Z), works within the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (IS-BRC-1215) and as part of the Cancer Research UK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme (C18281\/A19169). K.H.W. is funded equally by two programs of the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12013\/3 and MC_UU_12013\/4). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This publication is the work of the authors and M.B.A. will serve as guarantor for the contents of this paper. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}