{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:12:32Z","timestamp":1772169152036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation"},{"name":"Nuffield Dominions Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Persistent viruses such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong, sustained CD8\n                    <ns4:sup>+<\/ns4:sup>\n                    T-cell responses, described as memory \u201cinflation\u201d. These retain functionality, home to peripheral organs and are associated with a distinct transcriptional program.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : To further define the nature of the transcriptional mechanisms underpinning memory inflation at different sites we used single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted cells from MCMV-infected mice, analyzing transcriptional networks in virus-specific populations in the spleen and gut intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL).\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : We provide a transcriptional map of T-cell memory and define a module of gene expression, which distinguishes memory inflation in spleen from resident memory T-cells (T\n                    <ns4:sub>RM<\/ns4:sub>\n                    ) in the gut.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : These data indicate that CD8\n                    <ns4:sup>+<\/ns4:sup>\n                    T-cell memory in the gut epithelium induced by persistent viruses and vaccines has a distinct quality from both conventional memory and \u201cinflationary\u201d memory which may be relevant to protection against mucosal infections.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15115.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T07:25:33Z","timestamp":1557386733000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD8+ T-cell memory inflation"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Highton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeleine E.","family":"Zinser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-3015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian Ni","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire L.","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"De Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chansavath","family":"Phetsouphanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16491.r35919, Charles H. Cook, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, 30 Jul 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-78\/v1#referee-response-35919","order":0,"name":"referee-response-35919","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16491.r35918, Birgit Sawitzki, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 08 Aug 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-78\/v1#referee-response-35918","order":1,"name":"referee-response-35918","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by Wellcome Trust [109965].  \nThis work was also supported by the Medical Research Council, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Oxford), National Institute of Health, German Research Foundation (M.E.Z.) and Nuffield Dominions Trust (A.J.H.).","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}