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It historically has amongst the highest incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infections and is the only remaining focus of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Brazil. In early 2015, a molecular xenomonitoring surveillance project focused on\n                    <ns4:italic>Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    commenced to inform LF elimination activities.\n                    <ns4:italic>Aedes (Ae.) aegypti<\/ns4:italic>\n                    mosquitoes were also collected, concurrent with the first microcephaly cases detected in the RMR. In terms of the 2015 ZIKV epidemic, these are the earliest known field-collected mosquitoes, preserved for potential RNA virus detection, when ZIKV was known to be circulating locally.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods: \u00a0\u00a0<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Adult mosquitoes were collected in two sites (0.4 km\n                    <ns4:sup>2<\/ns4:sup>\n                    ) of S\u00edtio Novo, Olinda, RMR, from July 22 to August 21, 2015. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified, sorted by physiological status, and pooled (up to 10 mosquitoes per house per day or week). RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and the cDNA tested by real-time PCR.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    A total of 10,139 adult female\n                    <ns4:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    and 939 adult female\n                    <ns4:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/ns4:italic>\n                    were captured. All female\n                    <ns4:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/ns4:italic>\n                    specimens were included within 156 pools and screened for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV. In addition, a sub-set of 1,556\n                    <ns4:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    adult females in 182 pools were screened for ZIKV. No evidence of infection with any of the three arboviruses was found.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The absence of arbovirus detection may have been expected given the extremely restricted geographic area and collection of mosquitoes during a very short time period of peak mosquito abundance (July\u2013September), but low arbovirus circulation (November\u2013March).\u00a0 However, this study demonstrates the potential to retrospectively screen for additional unexpected pathogens in situations of rapid emergence, such as occurred during the outbreak of ZIKV in the RMR.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15295.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T15:55:07Z","timestamp":1560182107000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["No evidence of Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus infection in field-caught mosquitoes from the Recife Metropolitan Region, Brazil, 2015"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5982-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire L.","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1220-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Castanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A. 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16694.r35837, James Weger-Lucarelli, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 03 Jul 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-93\/v1#referee-response-35837","order":0,"name":"referee-response-35837","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16694.r35744, Padet Siriyasatien, Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 19 Jul 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-93\/v1#referee-response-35744","order":1,"name":"referee-response-35744","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Dale fellowship\/Royal Society [101285] awarded to T.W. and a Wellcome Trust (Enhancing Research Activity in Epidemic Situations (ERAES) grant [ER1603B] awarded to A.R. and C.L.J.  Funding was also provided by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq: cnpq.br)\/British Council \u2018Science Without Borders\/Bright Young Talent\u2019 [401575\/2014-4] awarded to C.B. for A.R. Salary support was provided as follows: A.R.: CNPq\/British Council [401575\/2014-4]; M.C.: LSHTM\/ITD core; P.C.: Brazilian Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), National Postdoctoral Program; P.A.S.O.: CAPES\/National Doctoral Program; C.L.J. and T.W.: Wellcome Trust \/Royal Society [101285]; N.A.: MRC UK and DFID, MRC Grant Reference MR\/K012126\/1: award jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC\/DFID Concordat agreement and is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union; C.B.: FIOCRUZ core and CNPq Productivity Award [304174\/2014-9]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}