{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:12:03Z","timestamp":1788541923570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["294834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["294834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["214185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent communicable disease in low- and middle-income countries, where non-communicable diseases like skin cancer are on the rise. However, the study of multi-morbidity or co-morbidity between communicable and non-communicable diseases is limited, and even null for some tropical or neglected diseases. Nevertheless, looking at these conditions together instead of as isolated entities in places where these illnesses exist, could show new prevention and treatment paths. We aimed to summarize and critically appraise the epidemiological evidence on the association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using five search engines (Embase, Medline, Global Health, Scopus and Web of Science). We sought observational studies in which the outcome was skin cancer whilst the exposure was cutaneous leishmaniasis; these conditions should have had laboratory or pathology confirmation.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n No epidemiological investigations have studied the association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer. Most of the evidence about the association of interest is still based on case reports and other clinical observations rather than strong epidemiological observational studies.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n Research is much needed to verify the repeatedly clinical observation that cutaneous leishmaniasis may be a risk factor for skin cancer. This evidence could inform and guide early diagnosis or prevention of skin cancer in survivors of cutaneous leishmaniasis or where cutaneous leishmaniasis is still highly prevalent.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Registration:<\/ns4:bold>\n PROSPERO ID\n CRD42018111230<\/ns4:ext-link>\n ; registered on 16\/10\/18.\n <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15367.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T09:20:08Z","timestamp":1563873608000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is there an association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer? A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo M.","family":"Carrillo-Larco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Gonzalo","family":"Acevedo-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Altez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Ortiz-Acha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Ugarte-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553-1568","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2706","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"4","author":"C Fitzmaurice","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151-210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.08.003","article-title":"Aspects of the association between leishmaniasis and malignant disorders.","volume":"101","author":"P Kopterides","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629-48","DOI":"10.12816\/0006420","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis predisposing to human skin cancer: forty years local and regional studies.","volume":"43","author":"T Morsy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-5","first-page":"761-72","article-title":"Proliferative changes of epidermal cells in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"35","author":"A Mangoud","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.010","article-title":"Leishmania infection: Misdiagnosis as cancer and tumor-promoting potential.","volume":"197","author":"A Schwing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref-7","article-title":"PRISMA checklist | Is there an association between cutaneous Leishmaniasis and skin cancer? A systematic review.","author":"R Carrillo Larco","year":"2019","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T16:40:31Z","timestamp":1568911231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"references-count":7,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15367.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36151","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36033","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36033","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36151","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36033, Ibrahim Khalifeh, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, 02 Aug 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1#referee-response-36033","order":0,"name":"referee-response-36033","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16787.r36151, Temmy Sunyoto, Department\u00a0of\u00a0Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 28 Aug 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-110\/v1#referee-response-36151","order":1,"name":"referee-response-36151","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"R.M.C-.L. has been supported by a Strategic Award, Wellcome Trust-Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research (100693), and Imperial College London Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund [Global Health Clinical Research Training Fellowship] (294834 ISSF ICL). R.M.C-.L. is supported by a Wellcome Trust International Training Fellowship (214185). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}