{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:13:22Z","timestamp":1782422002722,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012295","name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National University Futures Scheme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Little is known about the prevalence of frailty and about normal values for physical performance among older individuals in low-income countries, in particular those in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe the prevalence of phenotypic frailty, and values and correlates of several physical performance measures in a cohort of middle-aged and older people living in rural Burkina Faso, one of the world\u2019s poorest communities.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    We analysed data collected from participants aged over 40 in Nouna district, Burkina Faso. We measured handgrip strength, four metre walk speed, chair rise time, and derived the Fried frailty score based on grip strength, gait speed, body mass index, self-reported exhaustion, and physical activity. Frailty and physical performance indicators were then correlated with health and sociodemographic variables including comorbid disease, marital status, age, sex, wealth and activity impairment.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Our sample included 2973 individuals (1503 women), mean age 54 years. 1207 (43%) were categorised as non-frail, 1324 (44%) as prefrail, 212 (7%) as frail, and 167 (6%) were unable to complete all five frailty score components. Lower grip strength, longer chair stand time, lower walk speed and prevalence of frailty rose with age. Frailty was more common in women than men (8% vs 6%, p=0.01) except in those aged 80 and over. Frailty was strongly associated with impairment of activities of daily living and with lower wealth, being widowed, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and self-reported diagnoses of tuberculosis or heart disease. With the exception of grip strength, which was higher in women than prior international normative values, women had greater deficits than men in physical performance.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Phenotypic frailty and impaired physical performance were associated as expected with female sex, co-morbidities, increasing age and impaired activities of daily living. These results support the use of frailty measurements for classification of ageing related syndromes in this setting.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15455.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T10:25:14Z","timestamp":1568197514000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Frailty and physical performance in the context of extreme poverty: a population-based study of older adults in rural Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1967-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles D.","family":"Witham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6834-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine I.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"B\u00e4rnighausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Bountogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9295-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Manne-Goehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin F.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucienne","family":"Ouermi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Sie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-842X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1586153720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15455.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r36742","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r37006","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r37006","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r36742","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r37006, Maria-Victoria Zunzunegui, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, 25 Nov 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1#referee-response-37006","order":0,"name":"referee-response-37006","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.16902.r36742, Ruth E. Hubbard, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 06 Apr 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-135\/v1#referee-response-36742","order":1,"name":"referee-response-36742","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"GH is supported by a Wellcome Trust\/Royal Society Sir Henry Dale fellowship, award number 210479\/Z\/18\/Z. Support for the CRSN Heidelberg Aging Study and for TB was provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award to Till B\u00e4rnighausen, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. JMG is supported by Grant Number T32 AI007433 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The contents of this study are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. MDW acknowledges support from the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre. CFP acknowledges support from the ANU Futures Scheme. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}