{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:07:18Z","timestamp":1779318438050,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T010010\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T010010\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["217065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["217065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["104077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal exposure to lead on children\u2019s growth from 4 to 61\u00a0months of age. Methods Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n\u00a0=\u00a04140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4\u201361\u00a0months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log\n                    <ns3:sub>10<\/ns3:sub>\n                    -lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n\u00a0=\u00a0574). Results The median prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.60 (IQR 2.61\u20134.16) \u03bcg\/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61\u00a0months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61\u00a0months (at 61\u00a0months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm per 1 unit log\n                    <ns3:sub>10<\/ns3:sub>\n                    \u03bcg\/dl, p\u00a0=\u00a00.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61\u00a0months in this cohort of children in the UK.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:49:09Z","timestamp":1773294549000},"page":"235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School Bristol Bristol BS8 1NU University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2826-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School Bristol Bristol BS8 1NU University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions Buffalo NY University at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259-264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.11.007","article-title":"Declines in elevated blood lead levels among children, 1997\u20132011.","volume":"46","author":"B Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:14:10Z","timestamp":1775628850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.3","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16338.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.28768.r152706","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.28768.r152706","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.28768.r151087","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18406.r42985, Manish Arora, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, 25 Mar 2021, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v2#referee-response-42985","order":0,"name":"referee-response-42985","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18406.r42986, Caroline H. D. Fall, Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, 10 Mar 2021, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v2#referee-response-42986","order":1,"name":"referee-response-42986","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Caroline Taylor<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 18 Feb 2026<\/i>; The unit for the B coefficient has been added to the abstract (and also in the legend for Figure 1).","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3#referee-comment-6434","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-6434","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.28768.r152706, Pam Factor-Litvak, Columbia University,, New York, 08 Apr 2026, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/5-235\/v3#referee-response-152706","order":3,"name":"referee-response-152706","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome [217065, <a href=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/217065>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/217065<\/a>] and the University of Bristol currently provide core support for ALSPAC. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website. CMT was supported by a Wellcome Career Re-entry Fellowship (Grant ref: 104077), by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund, and by an MRC Career Development Award (MR\/T010010\/1). Publication is the work of the authors who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}