{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1772169048134,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16580.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000}}],"reference-count":14,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010756","name":"Health and Social Care Research and Development Division","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014589","name":"Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001626","name":"Public Health Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000724","name":"The Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101597,  MR\/S037527\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101597,  MR\/S037527\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in thousands of deaths in the UK. Those with existing comorbidities and minority ethnic groups have been found to be at increased risk of mortality. We wished to determine if there were any differences in intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day hospital mortality in a city with high levels of deprivation and a large community of people of South Asian heritage.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : Detailed information on 582 COVID-19-positive inpatients in Bradford and Calderdale between February-August 2020 were extracted from Electronic Health Records. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the relationship between ethnicity with admission to ICU and 30-day mortality, respectively accounting for the effect of demographic and clinical confounders.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : The sample consisted of 408 (70%) White, 142 (24%) South Asian and 32 (6%) other minority ethnic patients.\u00a0Ethnic minority patients were younger, more likely to live in deprived areas, and be overweight\/obese, have type 2 diabetes, hypertension and asthma compared to white patients, but were less likely to have cancer (South Asian patients only) and COPD. Male and obese patients were more likely to be admitted to ICU, and patients of South Asian ethnicity, older age, and those with cancer were less likely. Being male, older age, deprivation, obesity, and cancer were associated with 30-day mortality. The risk of death in South Asian patients was the same as in white patients HR 1.03 (0.58, 1.82).\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : Despite South Asian patients being less likely to be admitted to ICU and having a higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity, there was no difference in the risk of death compared to white patients. This contrasts with other findings and highlights the value of studies of communities which may have different ethnic, deprivation and clinical risk profiles.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16580.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T04:50:15Z","timestamp":1625028615000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ethnicity, pre-existing comorbidities, and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McCooe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7479-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Sheldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9572-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1351-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Coronavirus update, UK Government"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","article-title":"Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Prospective observational cohort study.","volume":"369","author":"A Docherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430-436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY.","volume":"584","author":"E Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259-289","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-5890.12228","article-title":"COVID-19 and Ethnic Inequalities in England and Wales*.","volume":"41","author":"L Platt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fisc Stud."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.05.20123307","article-title":"Reduced ICU demand with early CPAP and proning in COVID-19 at Bradford: a single centre cohort.","author":"T Lawton","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"ref-6","article-title":"forestplot: Advanced Forest Plot using \u2018grid\u2019 Graphics","author":"M Gordon","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-7","article-title":"Replication Data for: Ethnicity, pre-existing comorbidities, and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19.","author":"G Santorelli","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3618215","article-title":"Ethnicity and Outcomes from COVID-19: The ISARIC CCP-UK Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Hospitalised Patients.","author":"E Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3339","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3339","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score.","volume":"370","author":"S Knight","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"Ethnicity & Deprivation in Bradford","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.52964\/AMJA.0811","article-title":"Is fake news contributing to increased Covid-19 BAME deaths?","volume":"19","author":"T Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Med."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m2421","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2421","article-title":"Covid-19: Racism may be linked to ethnic minorities\u2019 raised death risk, says PHE.","volume":"369","author":"G Iacobucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"Coronavirus doctor's diary: 'Fake news makes patients think we want them to die'","author":"J Wright"},{"key":"ref-14","article-title":"Report of the Director of Research, Bradford Institue for Health Research to the meeting of the Bradford and Airedale Health and Wellbeing Board","author":"J Wright","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T04:05:15Z","timestamp":1630382715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16580.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r44701","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r45371","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r44701","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r45371","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r44701, Janice Atkins, Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK, 02 Aug 2021, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2#referee-response-44701","order":0,"name":"referee-response-44701","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18784.r45371, Olufemi A. Erinoso, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria, 31 Aug 2021, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-32\/v2#referee-response-45371","order":1,"name":"referee-response-45371","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Biomedical Resources Grant to the Born in Bradford Study [101597, <ahref=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/101597> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/101597<\/a>].\nThis work was supported by the UK Prevention Research Partnership [MR\/S037527\/1], which is funded by the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Natural Environment Research Council, Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), The Health Foundation and Wellcome. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}