{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:12:01Z","timestamp":1772169121656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Staff"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Neuroimmunology in the broadest sense is the study of interactions between the nervous and the immune systems. These interactions play important roles in health from supporting neural development, homeostasis and plasticity to modifying behaviour. Neuroimmunology is increasingly recognised as a field with the potential to deliver a significant positive impact on human health and treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Yet, translation to the clinic is hindered by fundamental knowledge gaps on the underlying mechanisms of action or the optimal timing of an intervention, and a lack of appropriate tools to visualise and modulate both systems. Here we propose ten key disease-agnostic research questions that, if addressed, could lead to significant progress within neuroimmunology in the short to medium term. We also discuss four cross-cutting themes to be considered when addressing each question: i) bi-directionality of neuroimmune interactions; ii) the biological context in which the questions are addressed (e.g. health vs disease vs across the lifespan); iii) tools and technologies required to fully answer the questions; and iv) translation into the clinic. We acknowledge that these ten questions cannot represent the full breadth of gaps in our understanding; rather they focus on areas which, if addressed, may have the most broad and immediate impacts. By defining these neuroimmunology priorities, we hope to unite existing and future research teams, who can make meaningful progress through a collaborative and cross-disciplinary effort.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16997.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T07:25:05Z","timestamp":1627543505000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Research priorities for neuroimmunology: identifying the key research questions to be addressed by 2030"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumithra","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2229-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey J","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18768.r45229, Asya Rolls, Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 06 Sep 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-194\/v1#referee-response-45229","order":0,"name":"referee-response-45229","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18768.r46450, Keith Kelley, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 29 Oct 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-194\/v1#referee-response-46450","order":1,"name":"referee-response-46450","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"No funding directly supported this work. Four of the co-authors are current (GM, SS, DKS) or former (LJC) Wellcome employees and led this work as part of a wider review of the neuroimmunology research landscape.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}