{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:12:03Z","timestamp":1772169123222,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17002.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000}}],"reference-count":39,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P023576\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P023576\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["107849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Shift work is essential in society but can be detrimental to health and quality of life and is associated with decreased productivity and increased risk of accidents. Interventions to reduce these consequences are needed, but the extent and range of trial evidence for interventions for those most affected by their shift-work schedules is unclear. We therefore carried out a scoping review to assess the availability of evidence to inform the development and evaluation of future interventions.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    We aimed to identify clinical trials of any intervention for shift work-related sleep disturbance that included a comparator group, where the intervention was delivered in an occupational setting. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline and Science Citation Index from inception to 30\n                    <ns4:sup>th<\/ns4:sup>\n                    \u00a0March 2020 for relevant citations. Citations were screened by two independent reviewers, a third reviewer resolved disagreements. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    From 1250 unique citations, 14 studies met inclusion criteria for comparative trials of treatment in an occupational setting. There were five trials of hypnotics, five trials of stimulants, and four trials of non-pharmacological therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy, light therapy, aromatherapy and herbal medicine). Outcomes included sleep parameters, day-time sleepiness, and quality of life. There were no consistently reported outcomes across trials.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Interventions fell into three distinct groups investigated in distinct time periods without progression from efficacy trials to wider-scale interventions. The lack of consistent patient-reported outcome measures limits synthesising findings. Some trials focussed on optimising sleep, others on reducing wake-time sleepiness. Adequately powered trials of existing interventions are needed, with the development and testing of novel combination treatments in patients with well-defined shift work sleep disorder. A core set of clinically relevant outcomes will develop and standardise the evidence-base for shift work sleep disorder.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17002.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T04:00:38Z","timestamp":1672977638000},"page":"198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A scoping review of the evidence for the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on shift work related sleep disturbance in an occupational setting"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Conway-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4739-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1142-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nia","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"6th European Working Conditions Survey: 2017 update","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009776","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009776.pub2","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work.","author":"J Liira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453-62","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.8.1453","article-title":"Shift work sleep disorder: Prevalence and consequences beyond that of symptomatic day workers.","volume":"27","author":"C Drake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487-94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00890.x","article-title":"Sleep disorders and work performance: Findings from the 2008 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America poll.","volume":"20","author":"L Swanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210","article-title":"Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep.","volume":"355","author":"G Kecklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12872","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12872","article-title":"Exploring the associations between shift work disorder, depression, anxiety and sick leave taken amongst nurses.","volume":"29","author":"L Booker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41-54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.02.002","article-title":"Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD).","volume":"17","author":"K Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"ref-8","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558-65","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.4.558","article-title":"Shift work disorder among oil rig workers in the North Sea.","volume":"32","author":"S Waage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010641","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010641.pub2","article-title":"Person-directed, non-pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by shift work.","volume":"2016","author":"T Slanger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? 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An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report.","volume":"30","author":"T Morgenthaler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"ref-39","article-title":"Scenario: Shift work","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T06:20:16Z","timestamp":1686810016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17002.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.20689.r57934","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.20689.r57934","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18774.r50051, Kirstie N. Anderson, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, 16 May 2022, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v1#referee-response-50051","order":0,"name":"referee-response-50051","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Rebecca Conway-Jones<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 29 Nov 2022<\/i>; Dear Dr Anderson,  Firstly, thank you for your considered and clear review. We appreciate the time and care which you took in reading this paper and making your comments. Our responses to the points raised are below. I have endeavoured to give line numbers for each change to make reviewing the changes easier but am aware formatting carried out by the editorial team might alter these:  Revision 1  \u201cA minor point but I disagree with the opening sentence, there isn't really any evidence for shift work increasing, most work fewer hours with more protection of sleep periods in legislation compared to any period from the industrial revolution onwards. About 20% of people work some form of shift but this figure has been consistent over some time. Therefore many people work shifts, but always have.&quot; \n<i>Thank you for clarifying this \u2013 we have edited the first part of the introduction to reflect this.<\/i>  Revision 2  \u201cThere isn't a clear definition of what a shift is or what makes a shift worker to help the non-expert.\u201d \n<i>Apologies for this oversight. We have added in a definition of shift-work to the first paragraph of the introduction.<\/i>  Revision 3  \u201cI had some questions about the interventions that were included and discussed. Brotizolam is a potent, old hypnotic no longer licensed for use in the UK, US or Canada which I think either needs to be clearly stated in the text or this study not used for those reasons.\u201d \n<i>This is a very useful point. We have chosen to keep the study included as it does otherwise fit the inclusion criteria we have previously stated. However, we have made it clear in the third paragraph of the Results section that it is not licensed in the UK, US or Canada. For both this and the point about Shimian Granules we have then highlighted this again in the first paragraph of Discussion.<\/i>  Revision 4  \u201cLikewise - there is a single PubMed reference only to shimian granules - a product that is not licensed and there is simply no information at all on what they are - a chinese complimentary medicine not in any way standard for sleep clinics. Again, there is a single RCT but nothing else at all in PubMed relevant for shimian granules. I appreciate the authors decided against critical review or narrative review but a small amount of extra information still seems necessary here.\u201d \n<i>Yes, similarly we agree this is important and are grateful for your highlighting this. We have added a sentence to this effect in Results (second paragraph). For both this and the point about Brotizolam we have then highlighted this again in the first paragraph of the Discussion.<\/i>  Revision 5  \u201cAccepting the timelines of any systematic review and inevitably - more studies will follow. However given such limited data - there is a very recent RCT using CBTi strategies just published\n<sup>1<\/sup>. I think the paper ideally should be revised and this paper should be included, there is so little data that this would be a valuable addition, no stats were possible and all information presented is simply descriptive so I do not see this taking the authors significant time.\u201d \n<i>Yes thank you so much for raising this. We agree this is a useful trial to highlight given the paucity of trials otherwise. We have simply included it and explained in the Results section how it has been added after peer review (first paragraph of Results). Whilst this isn\u2019t perfect we agree that including it, even post-hoc, is in keeping with the goals of a scoping review. It is a valuable addition for completeness of this paper though it has not changed our conclusions<\/i> \n<i>The main edits pertaining to this are found in Figure 1, Tables 2 and 3 and within the Results section.<\/i>   Revision 6  \u201cThere is also another drug company-listed trial with all results in clinicaltrials.gov I think it may have been reasonable to discuss this -&nbsp;Study of the Efficacy and Multiple-Dose Plasma Concentration-Time Profiles of Armodafinil and PROVIGIL - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov.\u201d \n<i>Thank you for highlighting this. To acknowledge this study we have added a line in the Methods&nbsp; under 'Search Method' in order to make reference to it. In contrast to the above (Booker et al 2022), we couldn\u2019t fully include this study as our Methods included only trials published in journal articles. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility we excluded other drug company-listed trials with a similar profile to this one on the basis they had not been published. However, we hope that by making reference to it our review will still serve to make readers aware of this available data.<\/i>  \n<i> <\/i>","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2#referee-comment-5194","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-5194","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.18774.r51643, Bobby Joseph, Department of Community Health, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 05 Aug 2022, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v1#referee-response-51643","order":2,"name":"referee-response-51643","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.20689.r57934, Ulises Jim\u00e9nez Correa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 15 Jun 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/6-198\/v2#referee-response-57934","order":3,"name":"referee-response-57934","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [107849]; and a Medical Research Council programme grant awarded to David William Ray [MR\/P023576\/1]. . The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}